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中国护士数量缺口达几百万 薪酬低导致留不住人

2016-05-20 08:22:24   中国新闻网

尚少梅认为,护理人员的配置不足与护理队伍的不稳定,势必会造成护理人员数量与质量的差距。她建议,增加护理人员编制,完善护理人力资源储备,调整护理服务价格的相关政策,使护理工作得到合理回报,并给薪资待遇偏低的低年资护士提供相应补贴,为高年资护士提供专科学习途径和职业发展空间,最终留住护士心。

■专科护士刚起步

推动护理人力资源结构优化,加强分层培训与分层使用,真正为患者提供优质护理服务

“两年前刚做完造口手术那会,整个人感觉非常崩溃,对什么都没信心。”山东省立医院门诊大楼四楼伤口造口专科护理门诊诊室内,造口人刘先生说,“是专科护理门诊的护士让我重拾生活的信心。她们从换药到讲解指导,都非常专业。我现在能这么快乐地生活,要给她们记头功。”

伤口造口专科护士是一种专科护士。时下,医院危重患者的护理开始走上了专业化道路。糖尿病、急诊急救、手术室、疼痛等专科护士陆续加入。如今,越来越多经过专业训练的护理人员开始“持证上岗”,为患者提供高质量、专业化的护理服务。

尚少梅表示,应当推动护理人力资源结构优化,加强分层培训与分层使用,体现专业价值,使护理专业进一步向专业化和科学化发展,不断提高护理人员的知识、技能操作水平,真正为患者提供优质护理服务。

根据美国护理协会的定义,专科护士是通过硕士生以上的教育准备,成为一个明确界定的知识领域和临床护理时间范围的专门人才。美国护士分为4个等级。最低级的护士被称为助理护士,比助理护士高一级的是职业护士,而资深护士指的是注册护士和更高级的高级执业注册护士。注册护士扮演着掌控者的角色。高级执业注册护士的地位比我国的主管护师还高,他们甚至可以替代医生的一些工作,可以和医生一起参与病人的会诊,并有处方权,参与病人的全部医疗计划。

尚少梅指出,随着经济社会的发展,低水平、低技术含量的护理人力资源已不能满足社会发展的需要。专科护士的出现,满足了护理事业对于尖端护理人才的需求。但我国专科护士的培养和使用尚处于起步阶段,缺乏统一的准入标准和培训内容。未来,可借鉴各国专科护士发展经验,进一步明确专科护士的入门条件、培训标准和培训规范,让更多的百姓享受到专业优质的护理服务。

延伸阅读 我国护士总数达324万人

截至2015年底,我国注册护士总数达到324.1万人,较2010年的205万人增加了119.1万人,增长幅度为58%,创历史新高。每千人口护士数从2010年的1.52提高到2015年的2.36。全国医护比由2010年的1∶0.85提高到2015年为1∶1.07,长期以来医护比例倒置问题得到根本性扭转。具有大专以上学历的护士占总数的62.5%,在日常护理工作和重大突发事件的医疗救治中发挥了重大作用。

截至2015年底,全国所有三级医院均开展了优质护理服务,有1022所三级甲等医院实现全院覆盖,占全国三级甲等医院总数的87%;有4858所二级医院开展了优质护理服务,占全国二级医院总数的82.6%。优质护理服务惠及越来越多的患者,群众满意度不断提高。

按照规划,到2020年,全国护士总量将达到445万人,每千人口护士数达到3.14人,在基层从事护理工作的护士达到100万人。持续推进优质护理服务,惠及更多群众。(王君平)

责任编辑:柯旺 CN044
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