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中国护士数量缺口达几百万 薪酬低导致留不住人

2016-05-20 08:22:24   中国新闻网

■薪酬低引发离职

目前护理收费大大低于成本,迫使部分医院压缩护理人员的数量和待遇水平

日前,一位因吸毒过量而昏迷的小伙子住进了北京朝阳医院呼吸危重症监护室病房。经过几天的治疗,小伙子意识恢复了。但是,小伙子焦躁不安,护士们操作时不时被打被骂。女护士们都不敢进那个屋子,这个艰巨的任务就落到男护士谷文杰身上。

“其实,我也很害怕,但是没办法,他是危重患者,病房里必须有护士监护。”谷文杰说。上班时,只要和小伙子距离一近,就会被打。下班回家,谷文杰真想和人打一架出出气。直到康复出院,小伙子也没对打骂护士的行为表示过一丝一毫的歉意。

长期的床护人力比例倒置,工作超负荷,频繁上夜班,导致护士体力消耗大、工作风险高、生理心理都疲劳,护士们纷纷出走,又加重了人手短缺的恶性循环。

一边是招不到人;一边是留不住人。2014年,国家卫计委的一项调查显示,全国三级医院的护士流失率平均为5.8%,在上海、广东等发达地区则经常有8%—10%的流失率。部分医院三年护理人员总流失率高达20%。护理人员的大量流失,不仅影响了护理质量和患者满意度,而且加重了其他护理人员的工作负荷。

今年4月,苏州大学附属第二医院40余名护士不满2000元月薪,提出集体辞职,致使手术室停摆。复旦大学附属中山医院东院区试运行中,院领导遇到棘手难题:护士人手不够,病区开不出来。

特级护理需要4个护士,平均每个护士的报酬远远低于一名普通护工。“三分治疗、七分护理”,但在待遇上却刚好颠倒过来,护士往往被“忽视”,超常的付出却得不到应有的回报。

尚少梅分析,薪酬低是护士离职的一项主要原因。我国护理服务收费标准中没有考虑人力成本,并且收费标准长期未调整。我国护理服务收费仅为护理成本的10%左右。护理收费大大低于成本,严重影响了医疗服务的提供,迫使医院压缩护理人员的数量和待遇水平,一定程度上导致护士流失严重,护理队伍不稳定。她认为,护士待遇低,与现行的医院收费服务价格有关,造成表面上看医生能够直接创造经济效益,护士只会增加医院投入成本。因此国内不少医院不仅不提高护士收入,反而为降低成本不愿意雇佣更多护士。

“患者有钱任性,摆出一副大爷的样子,竟然让护士去洗袜子。”某护理学院本科生杨丽敏说。她在某三甲医院实习,和带教护理老师辛苦一晚上,患者刺耳的话和对护士的不尊重,让她心都凉透了。医护人员的努力得不到认可,患者把护理人员当成伺候人员。离开实习医院时,她彻夜未眠,一直在反思为什么要选择当护士。

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