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北京市环保局权威解读如何使首都天更蓝、水更清、地更绿

2016-05-19 16:36:10   宣讲家网

(二)大气污染防治力度前所未有,空气质量持续改善

力度前所未有,主要体现在煤、车这两个重点。

在压减燃煤方面,全市燃煤总量从2600万多吨压减到1200万多吨,净减1400万吨,削减比例接近60%。主要减在电厂、锅炉和散煤取暖。在全国率先大规模地推行燃气发电,包括草桥燃气热电厂在内的四大燃气热电中心全部建成投运,关停了三大燃煤电厂,全市只剩下华能1座燃煤电厂。全市共完成1.97万蒸吨燃煤锅炉的清洁能源改造,全部改用天然气、热力。东西城共完成12.32万户平房“煤改电”,包括丰台区在内的其余各区,开展农村“减煤换煤、清洁空气”行动,用优质型煤、瓶装液化气替代等等,减少农村散煤。经过努力,我们实现了两大标志性成果,分别是核心区基本“无煤化”、城六区基本“无燃煤锅炉”。

在控车减油方面,打出了“组合拳”。对新车,在全国率先、全面执行机动车新车和油品第五阶段标准。对老旧车,采取政府补助、企业让利等政策,鼓励淘汰更新,共淘汰老旧机动车183.2万辆,特别是在全国最先消灭全部黄标车。对在用车,重点实施了8800多辆柴油公交车的升级改造,单车减排氮氧化物60%左右。对新能源车,出台鼓励发展政策,新能源车达到3.5万辆,规模全国第一。对外地车,实施严格的管理措施,只有绿标车才能驶入北京。

此外,我们还在全国率先控制挥发性有机物排放,在石化、汽车制造等行业开展企业环保技改工程,减排4.54万吨。将扬尘污染治理纳入企业信用体系、市场准入管理,探索建立扬尘治理专项资金试点,等等。

上述措施的环境效益反映在空气质量持续改善,表征指标是空气中的主要污染物浓度全面、大幅下降。2015年北京市空气中的二氧化硫(SO2)、二氧化氮(NO2)、可吸入颗粒物(PM10)年均浓度分别为13.5微克/立方米、50微克/立方米和101.5微克/立方米,分别比2010年下降了57.81%、12.28%和16.12%。2015年的PM2.5年均浓度为80.6微克/立方米,比2012年下降了15.8%。特别是SO2浓度在北方采暖城市中最低,与欧洲平均水平相当。

在讲成绩时,有必要看看这五年经济社会发展数据。五年来,全市地区生产总值(GDP)增长了62.74%,从2010年的1.41万亿元增长到2015年的2.30万亿元;常住人口增长了10.68%,从2010年的1961万增长到2015年的2170万;机动车保有量增长了17.06%,从2010年的480万辆增长到2015年的562万辆;能源消耗年均增加1.5%,2015年达到6851万吨标准煤。这些都带来大气污染排放量的增加,是“增量”。我们治理大气污染,既要减“存量”,又要减“增量”。所以,成绩的取得,来之不易。

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