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教授:愤青式极端思维恐招致灾难性后果 如甲午战争

2016-04-27 07:37:42   

虽然在现实生活中,具有愤青极端思维方式的人在人口中的比例远不是很高,但在网络虚拟空间里,他们表现得极为活跃,并吸引着众人眼球。具有共同极端思维与价值观的人们,往往会在某一特定网络上“物以类聚”,这些同质性的言论会在彼此互动中进一步强化,这就形成网络上的“群体极化”现象。在特定情况下,由于网络民意的表达是非均衡的,极端愤青的声音无形中会被放大。

如果真爱国,则理性比激情更可贵

愤青所代表的这种极端非理性思维的危险性在于两个方面:一是在特定条件下,它会煽动群体性非理性,形成话语霸权,并经由极端化社会思潮的恶性膨胀,影响一个民族在关键时刻的历史性选择。二是他们挟持高调的道德压力与原则至上的意识形态话语优势,对决策精英施加道德原则上的压力。他们在舆论场上呼风唤雨,会被人误以为是广泛民意的代表,进而产生消极误导作用。

历史上,愤青式的极端思维和道统至上的自以为是可能会给一个民族带来灾难性后果,这是有前车之鉴的。南宋的清流党人联蒙灭金并不自量力地主动攻蒙,加速招来南宋亡国之祸。甲午战争时的清流党人挟持“谁不主战,天下共诛之”的话语霸权,使得清廷统治者在准备不足的不利条件下,迫于“爱国主义”的道德压力进入一场力量悬殊的战争,结果《马关条约》让中国面临亡国危机。此后六年又发生“庚子事变”,保守派以“仇洋爱国”为原则,鼓动义和团“杀尽洋人”,煽动义和团攻打使馆并将街头穿洋服、戴眼镜者一律视为“二鬼子”“汉奸”格杀勿论,造成中国在短短六年多时间里对外赔款达七亿两白银,内忧外患进一步加剧。

愤青文化是封闭时代的文化衍生物,一个民族的现代化需要国民与政治精英以开放的心态、中道的常识理性,而不是极端民族主义狂热与意识形态,来处理国际关系和国内发展中的问题。如果你是一个真正的爱国者,理性比激情更可贵。只有理性地超越愤青文化,中国才有美好未来。(作者是上海师范大学人文学院历史系教授)

责任编辑:李东舰 CN031
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