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教授:愤青式极端思维恐招致灾难性后果 如甲午战争

2016-04-27 07:37:42   

萧功秦:如果真正爱国,就应超越愤青思维

“左右”愤青立场不同但思维相似

早在文革后期,我在上海市郊当工人时,有一次参加厂里组织的支持某国革命运动的大游行。这时突然一辆奶罐车闯进我们浩浩荡荡的队伍,游行者中一些人顿时愤怒起来,“谁竟然敢破坏革命大游行?”于是一批人勇猛地冲上去,把那司机拖出来,一边打,一边骂“帝国主义的走狗”。那可怜的司机事后解释说,那天牛奶再晚些送出去加工就变质了,只是没想到车挤到队伍中间去了。

这就是文革中我所经历的真实的愤青故事。它具备了“愤青文化”的所有条件:自以为是的道德优越感,凡是“干扰”自己行动或反对自己观点的,不是道德上的邪恶者就是政治上的敌对分子。对于“邪恶者”与“敌对分子”没有妥协余地,必欲打倒在地而后快。封闭状态下的唯我独尊、非正即邪、两值分类、斗争思维、无情打击,这就构成“愤青文化”的内在逻辑与基本特征。

四十年后,我再一次经历了这样的事情。那是几年前,我到日本旅行,回来后写了一篇游记,文章中提到靖国神社外的广场上,日本青年男女尽情享受阳光,与靖国神社的游就馆电影院里老人发出的那几声孤独的掌声形成鲜明对比。我在文章中感叹道,“看来说日本军国主义正在复活实在是冤枉了这些少男少女。战争已经结束六十多年,日本已经变了,我们大可不必再用原来的眼光看日本。”没有料到这篇短文在某网站上发布不到两周,居然有了31万点击量,许多人在跟帖中骂我“汉奸”“卖国贼”,某些言论甚至不无极端意味。那些言论中非此即彼、非正即邪的两叉分类,不留余地的斗争思维,与文革时工厂愤青暴打奶罐车司机的事可谓如出一辙。颇有意思的是,虽然只有部分跟帖者支持我的观点,但这些支持者中的大多数人恰恰都是去过日本。他们说,他们看到的日本就是我所写的这样。

值得指出的是,除了那些把外部世界看作是“阴谋论世界”的极端民族主义愤青,社会上还有鼓吹“再搞一次文革”的极左派愤青,以及主张来一场“某某革命”的极端自由派愤青。虽然这些愤青立场各异,在网络上视如冠仇、相互攻击,但他们在唯我独尊、自我优越的思维方式上却极为相似。

愤青文化根源何在

为什么会出现这种愤青文化?我觉得是多种历史、文化与社会心理因素相互作用的结果。首先,它与传统中国文化中的道统至上、与改革开放前意识形态原则至上的思维模式有关。自南宋以来,士大夫就以大言高论、激昂高调著称于世。鸦片战争后,中国在应对西方挑战后又备受挫折与屈辱。处于封闭环境中的士绅对外部世界一无所知,非理性化的虚骄心理油然而生,清朝同治光绪时代的清流党人士就是如此。变法志士唐才常就是这样评述清流党人特点的:“无论曲直强弱,胜负存亡,但一不主战,天下共罪之……以清议自许者,虚骄尤甚。及问其所以制敌之策,则曰持我忠义之气在。”清流党思维与愤青思维具有高度的同构性。他们都是高调主战,他们空泛的不切实际的大言高论,满足了人们急于宣泄屈辱感的未遂愿望与心理需要。

另一方面,改革以前的极左思维通过长期教化宣传,已在几代人心中形成一种左的思维习惯与政治文化,久而久之就会形成固有的“定见”。众所周知,三十多年来的改革开放使得中国在各方面突飞猛进,但支配人们的潜意识和思维方式,相对于器物、制度而言变化相对缓慢。这些固化了的“定见”会干扰人们对信息的判断与处理,使他们只愿接受与自己观念相近的信息。定见是一种思想惰性,它不自觉地支配人们,决定判断的方向与主观偏好。

责任编辑:李东舰 CN031
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