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物权法起草亲历者:宅地自动续期初衷使公民定心

2016-04-25 10:44:44   澎湃

围绕温州市一批土地使用权期限仅20年的老房子到期后是否应补缴土地出让金的问题引起了业内多方讨论。

目前主要形成了两派观点:一方认为住宅建设用地使用权到期后自动续期但需要补缴土地出让金,其观点认为《物权法》第149条未明确规定自动续期是否有偿;同时引用《城市房地产管理法》第21条中的规定,土地使用权出让合同约定的使用年限届满,土地使用者需要继续使用土地的,应当至迟于届满前一年申请续期,除根据社会公共利益需要收回该幅土地的,应当予以批准。经批准准予续期的,应当重新签订土地使用权出让合同,依照规定支付土地使用权出让金。另一方观点则认为,《物权法》规定住宅用地自动续期就意味着无条件,届满在收费明显违法。

作为参加《物权法》起草讨论活动的亲历者之一,澎湃新闻对此采访了北京市才良律师事务所主任、行政法律师王才亮。在他看来,《物权法》中规定自动续期在当时出台之际是“毫无争议”的,“到期续费”之说于法无据。

宅地使用权届满自动续期能使公民定心

王才亮指出,在较早的时候,我国的城市私有房屋的业主是享有土地所有权的。在1982年实施《宪法》的时候,城市土地私有者的所有权都被无偿收归国有,公民的土地所有权就没有了。接着出台的《城市房地产管理法》、《土地管理法》、《城市国有土地出让转让暂行条例》等法律法规健全了土地财政制度,政府也开始了一系列土地出让活动。

因此问题就出现了,在土地公有制的情况下,政府将土地以高价卖给开发商进行住宅开发建设,而开发商必然也将土地价格转嫁给购房者。同时购房者享有的仅仅是土地的使用权而非所有权。

王才亮称,当时在制定《物权法》的时候,部分学者提出“无恒产者无恒心”,恒产也就是所说的土地。但在土地公有制的情况下,只有住宅建设用地使用权永久性才能使公民定心。

2007年颁布实施的《物权法》第149条规定,住宅建设用地使用权期间届满的,自动续期。

王才亮指出,《物权法》很明确的指出自动续期,就意味着是无条件续期的,可以说是走出了一大步。住宅是公民的主要财产,因此《物权法》规定使用权自动续期是出于民众考虑,是无条件无偿的。

如何理解“自动续期”的意义?

王才亮表示,全国人大通过的《物权法》第149条明确规定“住宅建设用地使用权自动续期”,当时对于“自动续期”的意义是毫无争议的,大家普遍达成的共识是不用再续费。

第一,住宅用地使用权到期自动续期,永远有效(除非其他法定事由如征用房屋、收回土地等出现)。这个效力由法律确认,无需申请、更无需行政部门确认。国土部门是否换发国有土地使用权证书不影响该效力。如当事人向国土部门提出要求续期换证的申请,国土部门应该无条件办理,否则构成行政不作为。

第二,该法条文字简单明了,意思表述清晰,就自动续期的情形没有附加任何条件,也没有但书(但书是法律条文中的一种特定句式,是对前文所作规定的转折、例外、限制、补充或附加条件的文字)和授权性规范。

第三,为区别住宅用地,该法条第二款规定了“非住宅建设用地使用权期间届满后的续期,依照法律规定办理。非住宅用地上的房屋及其他不动产的归属,有约定的,按照约定;没有约定或者约定不明确的,依照法律、行政法规的规定办理”。如果自动续期还是要附加条件,上述《物权法》第一百四十九条第二款“非住宅建设用地使用权期间届满后的续期,依照法律规定办理”就多此一举。

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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