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山西最紧张时刻:万亿煤炭巨债缠身 60%在银行

2016-04-24 10:08:47   21世纪经济报道

2016年4月以来,山西省的煤炭企业连续发生多起债务违约以及债券暂停、取消发行情况。

巨债压顶之下,山西银行业不得不通过宽松信贷,及发行债券,帮扶困难企业渡过难关,并使“僵尸企业”有序退出。

上世纪末曾帮助山西煤炭国企脱困的“债转股”,有机会卷土重来。

万亿巨债

目前,七大国有煤炭集团负债总额超过万亿,体量相当于山西省2015年的GDP,总体资产负债率达80%,山西煤炭的债务大部分在银行。

“上个礼拜,基金经理打电话给我,他们非常担心。”近日,山西一家国有银行的高管任东风对南方周末记者说,其所在银行帮山西一家煤炭企业承销了债券,打电话询问的基金正是债券持有者,基金经理关心即将到期的债券能否兑现。

这是山西债券市场最紧张的时刻。2016年4月以来,据不完全统计,山西煤炭企业已连续发生两起债务违约以及三起债券暂停、取消发行事件。

中煤集团子公司山西华昱能源有限公司4月6日正式宣布,其一笔本息共计6.38亿元的短期融资券违约。这是首家煤炭央企出现债务违约,中煤是中国第二大煤炭生产企业。所幸有惊无险,经过多方筹措,几天后该公司得以足额偿付本息,并支付了违约金。

然而,另一家违约的安泰集团就没有这么幸运了。4月8日,安泰集团(600408.SH)发布“银行债务逾期”公告称,从2015年底开始,受宏观经济和行业形势的严重影响,安泰集团陷入了流动资金紧张、银行贷款逾期并且不断新增的漩涡中。截至公告日,公司及控股子公司累计银行贷款等债务逾期3.9亿元,目前正在与债权银行协商解决。

安泰集团是山西介休市一家民营的大型选洗煤、焦炭企业,旗下拥有一家上市公司,正常运营的时候,拥有员工十几万人。

安泰集团债权银行一位知情者向南方周末记者透露,安泰集团贷款总额一百多亿,实际上经营并没有遇到太大的问题,但由于煤炭已被银行视为“压缩退出行业”,许多小银行纷纷抽贷,导致最后“抽不动了”,大的贷款到期也还不了了。

像安泰这样的大型民营涉煤企业在山西已经不多。2008年,主要出于安全因素的考量,山西启动了煤矿史上规模最大的一次整合。在这个过程中,大部分民营煤矿因不符合产能规模的要求,被兼并进入省属七大国有煤炭集团。

煤炭市场的自然荣枯周期是“十年上坡,十年下坡”,私募基金中经丰利CEO王豫刚长期跟踪研究山西煤炭产业,他告诉南方周末记者,在2009-2011年的煤炭繁荣周期顶峰,山西大型煤炭集团大量整合中小矿井。再叠加2011-2013年高达13%-15%的市场实际融资利率,一些民营煤炭企业通过信托、民间信贷等方式获取资金的融资成本甚至达到20%。

2014年开始,众多扩建、新建产能开始释放,再加上下游钢铁、化工、水泥普遍产能过剩开工萎缩,导致煤炭企业不断降价保量。这是煤炭企业现金流近年来急剧恶化,被迫举债维持经营的重要原因之一。

山西煤炭的整体债务情况未曾披露,但因国企负债占了大头,所以可从省属七大国有煤炭集团中窥出个大概。

责任编辑:李东舰 CN031
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