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北京卫计委权威解读卫生计生事业发展新思路新重点

2016-04-20 16:28:23   宣讲家网

拿重大的公共卫生服务项目来看,国家在医改当中区分两类不同的情况,一个是重大公共卫生项目,主要是指的一些重大的传染病疾病,也包括一些危害居民健康的肿瘤情况。另外还有大量的日常居民所接触到的基本公共卫生项目,包括健康检查、筛检、传染病防控、妇幼保健等方面的内容。北京实施了11项重大公共卫生服务项目,比国家规定的项目多了6项,这也是北京经济社会发展和重视卫生工作的一个重要体现。

再看拥有的医疗床位,人吃五谷杂粮没有不得病,得病就有轻重缓急之分,重病就需要住院医疗。我们看床位方面的变化,到2013首次突破十万张,2015年底床位是11.84万张。所以医疗床位在过去的“十二五”期间也有了大概两万张以上的增长幅度。

再看一下医疗卫生系统产出的工作量,也就是给社会提供服务的情况。在2010年全市总的门急诊诊疗人次1.46亿人,到了2013年突破了2亿人,达到2.19亿人次,2015年全市总的诊疗人次突破了2.35亿,北京市常住人口是2170万,全市总的诊疗人次是2.35亿,相当于一个老百姓看了10次病。当然这里有一些是外地患者来京产生的服务量。大家从这个数据能够看到卫生系统工作的总量在提升。如果联系一下我们的医生数和护士数的变化情况,其实这种服务量的增长主要是以挖掘潜力、提高效率换来的。因为卫生资源,我们的医生护士数并没有相应比例的增加。

大家可以看到2015年跟2010年相比几乎提高了70—80%的工作量的产出,但是我们的医生数、护士数只增长了20—40%。所以主要是大家工作效率的提高。当然很多医护人员长期超负荷工作,牺牲节假日这种情况也非常多见。

再看出院的人次,2010年全市183万出院人次,到2015年全市一年当中出院的人次突破了达到340万。也是70—80%的增长幅度,出院量提高也是非常明显的。

在医疗卫生服务资源结构方面,在“十二五”期间继续得到优化。第一体现在布局方面,我们为了重点提高郊区卫生服务能力,全市加强11个远郊区县区域医疗中心的建设,到现在11个区域医疗中心已经基本建成投入使用。另外,为了适应像东城、西城居民不断外迁新的人口分布形势,在五环附近新增和新建了或者加强了新的医疗服务设施。现在在五环附近形成了33家综合医院和专科医院所组成的服务体系,所以老百姓看病不用像原来一样都要跑到东城、西城范围内进行就诊,可以比较相对方便地在自己的居住地或者工作地附近就可以得到医疗照顾。

再看一下所有制的结构,在“十二五”期间大力发展社会办医,公立医疗机构在其中所占的相对份额是在减少的,非公医疗机构所占的份额在逐步提升。全市非公医疗机构已经突破4100所,在所谓的有规模的医疗机构中,医院这个层次在600多家的医院当中,非公的医疗机构已经占到63%,甚至都超过了公立医疗机构的数量。当然非公医疗机构建立的时间比较短,一般服务的规模还没有那么大。我们看一看服务量,如果数机构数,已经占到医院的数63%,看门急诊量和出院量也已经突破了10%。所以在“十二五”期间非公医疗机构获得了非常快速的发展。任何国家发展健康服务业的决定和大力鼓励社会力量办医的方向引导是密切关联的。

大概回顾一下最近一两年的情况,尤其是在2010—2015年的医疗机构设置情况来看,如果每新增三家医疗机构,大概有两家是非公医疗机构,公立机构只会增加一家。所以非公医疗机构发展是非常迅速的。

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