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上海下调医疗养老保险费率 社保费率下调或提速

2016-04-06 18:14:55   中国新闻周刊

政府应承担更多责任

对于降低社保费率,民众普遍担心的另一方面问题是,社保费率降低后,未来参保人员的待遇水平是否也会下降?

对此,上海在政策解读中表示,目前上海职工社会保险基金的收支情况较好,有一定的积累且年度有结余。这次职工基本养老保险、医疗保险和失业保险费率的下调,不会影响到参保人员的总体待遇水平。

据悉,当前“五险”基金征收与待遇发放两者并不直接挂钩。社保待遇发放高低,主要取决于国家和各地已制定的待遇计发或报销管理办法,除部分基础养老金待遇外,其他社保待遇与缴费费率高低并不直接相关。

面对企业费率缴付标准的下降,很多人会担心自己将来所领取的养老金会不会受到影响,整体福利会不会下降?

有业内专家认为,普通人的养老生活不会因为这次费率的下调带来品质上的下降。因为养老金的领取标准,是根据领取时的社会经济生活状况具体制定的,是一个结合多种因素的综合标准,并不会因为之前一时交付的多寡而有太大的影响。比如,要结合申领年度的整体职工收入水平,上一年度的养老金领取标准等。同时,我国的医疗保险等都是根据当时的经济发展状况,医疗健康水平等而设置相应的服务标准,支付比例等的。

“社保的缴付是一个长期积累的过程,一时的变化与调整,并不影响长期目标的实现。在有富余的时候多积累一些,而在有困难的时候,减轻一些负担,这更有利于社保基金长远健康的成长。”上海社科院王博博士说。

中国社会保障学会会长、中国人民大学教授郑功成分析认为,目前有些地区养老金出现收支缺口,主要是由于养老保险制度地区分割造成的。“有两种解决办法:第一种是渐进式改革,先建立调剂基金,然后再逐步实现全国统筹;第二种就是一步到位地实现统收统支的全国统筹。”

对于如何解决目前有些地区养老金发放出现困难的问题,郑功成在接受《中国新闻周刊》采访时建议,应该尽快改革,实现养老金全国统筹。

据人社部部长尹蔚民透露,目前人社部正在推进养老保险制度的改革,以确保在适当降低社保费率的情况下养老金的正常发放。这些改革包括养老保险全国统筹、延迟退休、划转部分国有资本充实社保基金等七大举措。

但这些改革面临诸多挑战。“比如央企与地方国企国有资本如何实现差异化划转、划转比例如何确定等。”唐钧认为,这些难题都需要社保部门与国资管理部门充分协作,才能确保国有资本划转确实能起到充实社保基金的作用。

同时他还呼吁,政府在社保费率调整中应承担更多责任。

“目前我国财政用于社会保险的支出不到8%,远低于发达国家的水平,在总缴费水平不变的前提下,财政多支付一些,企业和个人的压力就可以小一些,小微企业更容易接受,员工也会更积极。”唐钧说。

责任编辑:李皓 CN002
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