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计生红旗县连续18年人口负增长:放开二胎都不愿生

2016-03-29 07:53:41   新京报

村庄里许多农房空置着,一些土地撂了荒,少部分田地种着蔬菜,佝偻着腰的老人在劳作。

在如东县岔河镇,面积不过一平方公里的镇中心,有五家寿衣店,两家棺材店,两家墓碑店。照相馆门口最大的招牌写的是“遗像制作”。

3月20日下午,卖祭祀用品的“朱大纸坊”店内,三四个顾客在挑选葬礼上用的寿衣和纸钱。朱姓老板在狭小的柜台里忙着打包、收钱。“周边的老人多,在高峰期,一天卖葬礼用的东西,毛收入能有上千块。”他说。

“我们这里的人普遍长寿,老人多,死亡率也高。60岁上下的人还要工作,有父母要养。”岔河镇土山村的一位村干部对剥洋葱说。

季芳珍24岁的孙子去年从大学毕业,在岔河镇上的一家工厂上班。

他们家四代都是独生子女,这个家里的“独苗”,往上有四十多的父母、近七十岁的爷爷奶奶,还有88岁的曾祖母。六口人,至今还挤在两间平房里。

季方珍担心,再过个几年,孙子要结婚、买房,肩上背负着赡养五位老人的责任,“怕他吃不消”。

如东县政府公布的数据显示,如东目前有超过20家养老院,大部分为公办。

在一些养老院,住的是孤寡老人,失独老人或因计划生育手术并发症困扰终身的人。一位计生干部说,整个如东县因独生子女伤残或死亡的父母数量为2738人。

在掘港镇宾山老年公寓,20个左右护工,也是60岁左右的老人,镇上戏谑他们是“老头老太照顾老头老太”。

2013年7月,如东县政府成立了养老联席会。

“当时确实是意识到养老问题迫不及待了”,县民政局副局长崔红霞回忆。

养老问题不仅关系到全县三分之一的人口,还涉及到财政、人社等各个部门。为此,时任县委书记拍版,成立了由31个部门组成的联席会。

联席会由副县长担任总召集人,民政局、财政局、发改委等部门的负责人为成员。一年一次的会议,会讨论养老财政补贴、养老院规划等问题。

如今,县里的失独老人每人每月可以领到700元。

“有了指标,才敢怀孕”

如东县卫计委副主任张督平拒绝了“计生红旗县”的提法,“那都是多少年前的事情了,现在我们早就不谈了。”

“现在这不再是光荣了。但在30年前,那可是招牌,”潘金环对剥洋葱说。

他还记得,上世纪八九十年代,每次人口计生委一把手交接时,都有个特别的仪式:前任都要把一面红旗交到下一任的手里,意思是,计生红旗不能丢。

1986年,国务院授予如东县“计划生育红旗单位”的荣誉称号,还有一枚金灿灿的奖章。

潘金环回忆,如东从20世纪60年代开始实行计划生育试点,70年代走上正轨,实行一对夫妇只生一个孩子的计生政策,实现了低生育水平,80年代,开始执行严格的计划生育政策。

如东计生办的老干部刘银在一份工作总结中回忆,上世纪五十年代,如东每个育龄妇女平均生五个孩子。1963年,如东县开始提倡节育,到了1983年,99%以上的育龄夫妇都做了节育措施,独生子女达到99.5%。

责任编辑:李东舰 CN031
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