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九部门:鼓励家庭成员合葬 倡导不留骨灰安葬

2016-02-24 11:30:33   民政部网站

二、总体要求

(一)指导思想。以邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观为指导,深入贯彻党的十八大、十八届三中、四中、五中全会精神和习近平总书记系列重要讲话精神,坚持保障群众基本安葬需求,坚持节约资源、保护环境,把以人为本、生态文明的理念贯穿于殡葬改革全过程,加大节地生态安葬公共服务产品供给,提供优质人文安葬服务,加强政策激励引导,使满足安葬需求与保护资源环境协调推进,促进形成人与自然和谐发展新格局。

(二)基本原则。

——政府主导,社会参与。强化政府在推行节地生态安葬工作中的统筹规划、基础建设、政策激励、典型示范、监督管理等方面的职能,积极引导和支持城乡居民、殡葬服务单位、基层组织以及相关社会组织推广节地生态葬法,形成参与殡葬改革的合力。

——节约资源,保护环境。坚持节约优先、保护优先的理念,科学规划建设节地生态安葬设施,创新推广节地生态葬法,提高土地利用率,尊重和保护自然生态,减少安葬活动对资源的消耗和对环境的不当干预,切实维护生态安全。

——注重引导,创新发展。尊重、引导、发挥好安葬习俗对节约资源、保护环境的积极作用,通过依法管理、提升内涵、激励引导、探索创新,引导人们更加自觉接受节地生态葬法,更加重视精神传承,逐步革除陋习、移风易俗,积极稳妥、循序渐进地改革安葬方式。

——分类指导,统筹推进。根据城乡、地域、民族、葬式及安葬设施的不同特点,因地制宜,分类指导,科学施策。坚持殡、葬、祭“三位一体”,推动节地生态安葬与绿色殡葬、人文殡葬、惠民殡葬相结合,葬法改革与丧礼改革相衔接,统筹推进殡葬改革。

(三)主要目标。到“十三五”末,在巩固和提高全国年均火化率的基础上,较大幅度提高节地生态安葬比例,建成一批具有示范效应的节地生态安葬设施,初步形成覆盖城乡的节地生态安葬公共服务网络,全面实行奖补激励政策,骨灰装棺再葬、乱埋乱葬和墓位面积超标得到有效治理,节地生态、移风易俗新风尚成为殡葬活动主流。

三、主要任务

(一)着力推行节地生态葬式葬法改革。按照积极有步骤地实行火葬、改革土葬的原则,科学精准地划分火葬区和土葬改革区,依法推行遗体火化、骨灰或遗体公墓内集中安葬,在此基础上,因地制宜创新和推广更多符合节地生态要求的安葬方式。在火葬区,积极推行不占或少占土地的生态化骨灰安葬方式,在人口密集区推行以楼、廊、堂、塔、墙等形式存放骨灰的立体安葬方式。倡导建设单人骨灰安葬或双人骨灰合葬占地小于国家规定标准的节地型墓位,提倡地面不建墓基、地下不建硬质墓穴,墓碑小型化、微型化,最大限度降低硬化面积,并鼓励家庭成员采用合葬方式提高单个墓位使用率。积极推广骨灰植树、植花、植草等生态葬式,使用可降解容器或直接将骨灰藏纳土中,不设硬质墓穴和墓碑。倡导骨灰撒海、撒散等不保留骨灰的安葬方式。在土葬改革区,遗体应在公墓或农村公益性墓地内集中安葬,不得乱埋乱葬,倡导建设单具遗体安葬和双人合葬占地分别低于国家规定标准的节地型墓位,减少地面硬化面积,鼓励墓碑小型化或不立碑;倡导遗体深埋、不留坟头或以树代碑。尊重少数民族丧葬习俗,鼓励和支持少数民族群众选择既具有民族地域特色、又符合节地生态要求的葬式葬法。

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