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是否大拆大建?三问北京打造五条城市通风廊道

2016-02-23 17:09:54   中国新闻网

——二问:建设是否将大拆大建?

通风廊道建设是否会产生新一轮的大拆大建?沿线居民生活是否会受到不利影响?北京市规划委相关负责人表示:“目前,北京的通风廊道还处于规划阶段,未来进入实施阶段后主要是基于现状严控增量。”

据介绍,未来划入通风廊道的区域将严格控制建设规模,并在有条件的情况下打通阻碍廊道连通的关键节点。中心城通风廊道系统研究团队多位专家向记者表示:“这5条一级通风廊道是基于北京市目前的城市建设密度和开阔程度划定的5条线路,而不是重新开辟,所以不会大拆大建。”

据了解,北京市规划的5条一级通风廊道主要由公园和绿地组成。西北部的廊道涉及昆明湖、昆玉河、紫竹院公园、玉渊潭等地区;西部的廊道起点设在植物园,延伸至西五环及两侧绿化带;第三条廊道沿中轴线地区,由北向南将太平郊野公园、奥林匹克公园、后海、北海、天坛公园等空间连成一线;第四条、第五条涉及清河郊野公园、朝阳公园等地区。

“可以明确的是,在未来通风廊道规划范围内,建筑物的高度、密度等都将严格控制。”何永说,但具体的量化标准的制定十分复杂,将综合考虑避灾、景观、生态、游憩、排污、降噪以及空气流动等多方面的因素。

项目研究团队专家表示,在目前初步规划的5条一级通风廊道范围内,确实也存在不少高度较高、密度较大的建筑群落,成为空气流动的瓶颈区。比如十里河地区等关键节点,将随着疏解非首都功能等工作的推进逐步腾退和拆除,而一些符合规划的老旧建筑也将更新建设。

在规划中降低密度也成为大多数城市通风廊道建设实施的主要内容。福州市城乡规划局具体规划项目负责人表示,“在风道内合理规划设计城市建筑,包括建筑形态与体量控制,建筑朝向控制,建筑绿化、选材、颜色及临街界面控制,顺应通风廊道合理布局建筑,尽量降低建筑密度。”

——三问:吹走的雾霾会否殃及周边?

“雾霾吹到周边省份的担忧大可不必。”项目研究团队专家表示,空气流动带走的污染物除了向中心城周边的开阔地带扩散,也将向上空扩散。污染物是一个逐渐稀释的过程,不会对周边省份带来影响。

实际上,通风廊道解决的是城市内部的问题。项目研究团队专家表示,中心城区空气流动性变差,导致生活、生产的空气污染物淤滞。而北京规划的通风廊道主要是让中心城区与远郊区县之间更好地“换气”。

专家表示,现代城市开发强度越来越高,高楼林立的区域会形成“风阻”地带,降低城市内空气的流动性。中国城市规划设计研究院副院长李迅说,热岛效应会导致很多问题,城区温度高、空气不流通,首先直接影响居民的舒适度。其次,空调等设备用多了,城市的能源消耗也会增加,加重污染问题。

据介绍,项目组研究人员选取了西部廊道的昆玉河地区三个点进行实测,结果显示,通风廊道对降低局地热岛效应、促进空气流通有一定效果,尤其是在峰值时效果更加明显。“无论是实际检测,还是计算机模拟计算的结果都表明通风廊道可以发挥一定的作用。”何永说。

中国城市规划设计研究院副院长王凯认为,城市大气环境的改善十分复杂,空气流动状况随高度变化,各区域还会有很多小的气流涡旋,都会直接影响通风廊道的效果。这些年北京进行了大量高密度高层建筑开发,未来不仅要降低开发强度,还要配合加强绿地、水面的恢复建设。(新华社“新华视点”记者孔祥鑫、李萌、康淼)

责任编辑:柯旺 CN044
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