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央行官员建议撤销银监会证监会保监会和外汇局

2016-02-23 16:51:31   财新网

二是与信息技术发展不适应。以金融创新为名行庞氏骗局之实的互联网金融风险事件频发,从外因看,互联网金融无序发展源于信息技术快速发展推动互联网对金融的过度渗透,互联网对舆论的塑造与掌控迫使监管放任;从内因看,互联网金融风险源于谁的孩子谁抱走的金融压抑式监管理念、缺乏全局性穿透式风险监控的监管机制和画地为牢式分业监管体制。内外因叠加,互联网金融风险在当前呈燎原之势,在今后仍将此起彼伏。

三是与金融服务实体经济需要不适应。随着经济下行压力加大,金融业不良资产呈现明显上升趋势,根据微观审慎监管要求,金融机构资产业务呈现明显的顺周期性,甚至放大周期波动。政府债务置换和新增债务加剧挤出效应,实体经济面临融资收缩周期。建立防范系统性风险、实施逆周期操作的宏观审慎管理制度迫在眉睫。

二、银证保信分业监管的主要问题

现行“一行三会”监管体制下银证保信等主要金融业态分别由不同机构监管,这固然有利于监管专业化,但随着各种新型金融业态在体制内外线上线下迅速发展,分业监管体制必然导致的监管真空、监管套利以及目标冲突等问题日趋凸显。

(一)分业监管造成监管真空,穿透式监管缺失不能适应综合经营趋势下防范系统性金融风险需要

一是分业监管与综合经营的矛盾。我国金融控股公司(集团)以交叉持牌或交叉持股等不同形式介入多种业务领域,跨市场金融产品以传统或互联网金融形式迅速发展。然而分业监管机构目标各异,部门法律法规分散,信息沟通协调不畅,缺乏达成一致行动的决策和执行机制,现行监管协调部际联席会议制度实际作用十分有限,无法及时有效地应对综合经营中可能出现的系统性金融风险。本轮资本市场波动中,杠杆交易(尤其是以HOMS系统为代表的场外配资)直接助推了前期股市快速上涨和后期指数暴跌,场外配资链条复杂,涉及银证保信各类资金来源和各种互联网金融渠道,封建割据式分业监管和铁路警察式分段监管下穿透式监管缺失,使监管部门无法了解场外配资全过程,对资金规模、杠杆率等核心指标一直处于猜测状态。

二是分业监管造成体制内金融压抑,并最终导致体制外监管缺失。分业监管体制封建割据色彩浓厚,为减控辖内风险普遍实施严格的准入管制,抑制了民间资本进入金融业,民营银行至今只有5家开业,直接融资市场上的注册制改革多年来未能真正实行。金融压抑把社会融资需求逼入地下,由于这些活动非监管部门批准,监管部门对这些体制外高风险融资活动视而不见、听之任之,最终导致体制外民间融资活动在线下线上野蛮生长,民间理财、线上投融资、地下钱庄、各类地方性资产交易平台蜂拥而起,金融“三乱”猖獗风险失控,各类非法集资及其大规模广告宣传处于无监管状态,类似e租宝事件、泛亚交易所事件、大大集团事件等非法集资案件频繁发生。

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