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教授:中国已是世界性大国 不应再当穷国领袖

2016-01-28 07:00:32   

乔良:中国须对自身做战略再定位

中国已是世界性大国

上世纪70年代,毛主席提出“三个世界”理论,对当时的中国,这是非常重要的战略定位。那时中国不是世界经济的引擎,而是“世界革命的灯塔”。在这种情况下,毛主席把中国划在第三世界,符合客观现实,也有战略深意。而在毛主席身后,中国开启了改革开放进程,并逐渐从西方发达国家的打工仔,变成现在全球经济的引领者。面对这一转变,中国必须对自身进行战略再定位。

首先需要确定的是,现在的中国是个什么样的国家。今天的中国,已不再仅仅是一个区域性大国。或许十多年前我们还是那样的国家,但这个门槛已在不知不觉中被迈过去了,其时间节点应该就是GDP超过日本之后。现在中国GDP是日本的2倍多,相当于美国的70%。当年苏联和美国比肩而立的时候,其GDP也只有美国的60%。就此意义而言,现在的中国毫无疑问已是世界性大国。立足现实,面向未来,中国的定位应是能影响甚至引领世界未来经济和政治走向的国家。这是需要我们在努力改变并不断提升自身经济总量、人均水平和文明程度的同时,必须瞄准的目标。这也是中国的大国使命。

我们无需担心调整后的战略定位与过去的口号或主张可能会不尽一致,比如说“永远不称霸”。事实上,中国既不会朝着霸权国家的方向走,客观上也根本不会成为霸权国家。因为当今互联网的扁平化和去中心化大趋势,正在一步步实现对传统权力的消解,世界格局无可阻挡地向着多极化发展,这意味着中国在反对霸权主义的同时,不可能再谋求霸权。也就是说,无论客观上还是主观上,中国都不会是继美国之后的新霸权国家。

当然,天下大势,分久必合,合久必分,或许经过互联网时代和世界多极化的漫长演进,世界终会归于一统,但那已是另外一回事了,不是中国现在要考虑的问题。中国要好好把握的是当下,我们的使命就是顺应互联网带来的多极化趋势,将互联网对多极化趋势的促进作用发挥到极致。

中国现阶段应注重“要国外交”

国际地位的改变,决定战略定位的改变。中国面临的国际关系,势必也要随之改变。在这个时段,中国要给自己在世界坐标上定位,就必须先确立自己与其他国家的关系,并对如何发展这些关系排出优先次序。

中国不是纯粹中立国家,“国家不分大小、强弱、贫富,都是国际社会平等一员”是就国家权利而言,并不意味着我们要搞“等距离外交”。中国对国家关系的安排首先当然是要考虑自身国家利益。作为当今世界性大国之一,中国应该重视什么样的国际关系?有些人认为须更多关注大国关系,有些人则希望固守上世纪六七十年代划定的“第三世界”阵营。但在今天,无论过于注重大国关系还是继续当穷国领袖,都不是中国的合理选择。在我看来,现阶段的中国外交应看重要国关系。

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