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山西遇史上最困难时期:GDP增速3.1%创34年来最低

2016-01-27 19:03:12   重庆晨报

2015年山西省各市的财政收入显示,山西省80%的城市财政收入出现负增长,其中一半以上的城市财政收入同比降低15个百分点以上,降幅最大的朔州市下降了约近41个百分点。

这次负增长,始作俑者还是煤炭。据《华夏时报》2015年报道,受国内外形势影响,山西的煤价自2013年开始遭遇重创,而从2014年7月起,山西煤业连续12个月亏损。

这股寒流一直持续——2015年12月吨煤综合售价与2011年5月最高点相比,每吨下跌431.8元,下降65.8%;企业效益深度下滑,2015年煤炭行业累计亏损94.25亿元,同比减利增亏108.29亿元;工业企稳回升基础不牢,仍在负增长区间运行。

煤炭价格下降,就像多米诺骨牌,通过企业亏损,一直压向最底层。2015年前三季度,全省煤企盈亏相抵净亏损70.37亿元,欠发职工工资35亿元,欠缴社会保险109亿元。

甚至,有一位当地的官员透露:“山西有119个县,有103个县发不了工资。”

“我们也清醒地看到,我省经济社会发展还存在不少困难和问题。各级财政普遍困难,2015年全省一般公共预算收入下降9.8%”,山西省长李小鹏在政府工作报告中坦言。

艰难破局:一时举措恐难转型

兴于煤炭,困于煤炭。

“一煤独大”,继2014年之后,山西省第三年将其作为山西经济发展困境的根本问题写入政府工作报告。

在今年政府工作报告中,省长李小鹏再次表示,山西省经济发展规模不大、结构不优、质量效益不高等矛盾和问题仍然突出,“一煤独大”没有实质性改变,传统产业产能过剩。

山西省如何破解煤炭资源带来的困境。

报告中称,“十三五”期间,山西省将统筹做好煤与非煤“两篇大文章”,加快实施“革命兴煤”,大力推进煤炭“六型转变”,加快发展七大非煤产业,全力推动科技创新、金融振兴、民营经济发展“三个突破”。

煤炭转型再次被提高到山西省政府工作的重点:

多措并举化解煤炭过剩产能,按照国家政策依法淘汰关闭一批,推动行业重组整合一批,减量置换退出一批,依规核减一批,搁置延缓一批,严控增量,主动减量,优化存量。精心组织煤炭企业合理生产,严格治理和打击违法违规煤矿建设生产经营行为。加强组织,搭建平台,推动产运销用各方面密切协同,促进煤炭销售。帮助困难企业妥善解决职工就业、工资、社保等问题。推动煤电联营、煤电铝联营、煤化联营、煤焦钢联营,构建煤电用产业链条,促进煤炭清洁高效利用。积极争取国家政策支持,加快煤炭行业脱困转型步伐。

分析人士认为,包括山西在内的众多省份已就产业转型、结构调整谈论多年。今年煤炭、矿产等产业难有明显好转,资源大省转型难度大,而且很多省经济转型依旧停留在概念上,对于新增长点的选择并没有很清晰的思路。

另有评论称,从长远来看,随着我国经济的进一步转型,粗放式、对环境造成巨大破坏的开发模式终将被放弃,虽然煤炭的使用将保持在一定规模,但总需求将持续快速下降,对于“一煤独大”的山西来说,如何破解危局将是一场硬仗。

(上游新闻记者卢雨实习生陈均俊)

责任编辑:李皓 CN002
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