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上海政协委员:汽车单双号限行应纳入重污染预案

2016-01-26 08:12:26   澎湃

“近几年,工业生产、燃煤、扬尘都是上海清洁空气行动计划的重要内容,但对于流动源的整治,特别是机动车的污染排放,基本上依然停留在扩大黄标车限行禁行范围、加大新能源车推广力度等方面,而这些车辆,在上海整个机动车保有量的占比却非常小。”屠海鸣说。

学习巴黎米兰北京必要时“单双号限行”

屠海鸣表示,从发达国家治理空气污染的成功经验看,对机动车的限行措施是关键之一。在中国,北京也早已出台机动车单双号限行措施,并作为空气重污染应急预案的一项重要内容。

在递交本次上海两会的提案中,屠海鸣建议制定并适时出台更严格的机动车限制使用措施,特别是应尽快出台空气重污染天气下“实施单双号限行”等限制部分小汽车使用的临时性措施,并纳入空气重污染应急预案。同时,通过继续扩大外牌车限行范围、提高停车费等措施,减少小汽车使用率,并鼓励小汽车安装颗粒过滤装置。

屠海鸣说,为治理空气污染,法国巴黎严格限制机动车的数量,当空气质量为二级时,汽车按单双号限行;当空气质量达到三级时,凡可能造成污染的车辆都严禁上街;空气质量劣于二级时,所有公共汽车和地铁的票价都要降低。2015年12月23日,面对急剧增加的空气污染指数,意大利米兰继首都罗马之后,也采取机动车限制出行措施,要求从当年12月28日至30日,每天10时至16时所有汽车和摩托车一律不得上路。

屠海鸣还呼吁,要加大新能源汽车推广力度,特别是公共交通、公务机关等领域,带头使用新能源汽车,以尽可能减少污染物排放。可借鉴2010年上海世博会,适当选择部分区域,建立“零排放”或“低排放”示范区域,严禁污染严重的车辆进入。加快非机动车道和步行系统的规划和建设,鼓励公众通过更环保的方式出行。

“曾经的‘雾都’伦敦,自2005年开始对‘零污染’汽车进行试验;鼓励公共汽车、火车、垃圾车和出租车这些污染最严重的车辆减少排放量;并规定不向对环境污染最严重的车辆颁发执照。伦敦市政府还建立‘低排放区’,不允许污染严重的车辆进入这些区域。”屠海鸣认为,类似的经验值得借鉴。

此外,屠海鸣建议进一步修订完善现有空气重污染应急预案,将今年刚出台的空气污染临时管控措施固定为长效机制。在作出预判后,便立即启动相应的临时管控措施或预警机制。同时,加强预案执行监管力度,对没有执行到位的企业、个人予以重罚,并纳入个人诚信体系。

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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