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湖南:村官被免职不服 起诉乡政府违法获胜诉

2016-01-25 09:49:48   澎湃

于是,他委托律师罗秋林将镇政府起诉到了常宁市法院。

由于蒋石林是《村民委员会组织法》实施后第一次“海选”出来的村官,该案曾被本报和央视、新华社、南方周末等国内媒体报道,引起社会广泛关注。

2001年11月6日,蒋石林看到了判决书:胜诉。20天后,荫田镇党政召开会议,决定执行法院的判决,还是由蒋石林继续主持爷塘村的村委会工作。

曾在基层担任过8年乡镇领导、时任荫田镇党委书记尹文就此事向本报记者提出几点不同看法。他表示,制定《村民委员会组织法》确实有利于提高村民民主意识,在一定程度上也推动了农村民主政治的进步。但在实际操作中,由于村民法治意识在一些偏僻的农村地区还比较薄弱,完全放手让村民自决,村民委员会的选举和施政会不会受家族势力、裙带关系和一些有个人野心的人所控制?如果有人对抗政府的工作又该怎么办?当地的一些镇干部也认为《村民委员会组织法》过于强调村委会由村民选举、自主管理的权利,而对其义务没有明确规定。同时,对村委会的工作是否称职,如何衡量、考核,是以贯彻执行政府政策、工作为指标,还是按村民自身愿望为依据,都缺乏规定。

一直观察此类事件的南华大学文法学院院长、法学教授罗万里则认为,湖南一再发生公然违反法律,政府免村主任,干预村民自治权的事件,不是偶然的,有其制度上和政治习惯上的必然性,体现了我国村民自治制度这一直接民主形态需要法律“补丁”。

他在《地方政府免村官事件的法律评析》一文中指出,刘吉华、蒋石林案值得关注,因为其中反映出来的问题让人深思。从国家和社会关系理论的角度看,村民自治是国家与乡村社会适当分离的治理形态。这是《村民委员会组织法》立法的主要理论基础。该法的第5条也明确规定了乡、民族乡、镇的人民政府对村民自治权只有行政指导权以及支持和帮助职责,且明确规定“不得干预依法属于村民自治范围内的事项。”

然而,由于现在各级政府每年都会制定年度经济和社会发展计划。这些计划经过层层分解,一直落实到基层乡镇政府,客观上形成了一个压力型的运行体制。这些工作转移到了基层党委政府来执行,他们又去催促村委主任来完成。乡镇党委政府实际上把握着村级工作的直接领导权。一旦发生冲突,乡村治理中的权力运行的结构性矛盾均缺乏良好的救济制度。

他建议,在现在村民自治的新形势下,乡镇政府工作的方式和作风更应有所转变,乡镇领导应该明白,乡村两级是指导而非领导的关系;在实际工作中,应该多用资源和政策引导,少用行政干预;多做工作,少下命令,这样才能真正保证国家对农村基层社会的有效管理。同时,也应当通过设立民主救济法律制度来“补缺”,以加强对村委会委员和村官的日常管理行为监督以及来自政府、其他组织对村民自治权妨害的排除和救济,真正保护村民自治权,杜绝自治权空心化。

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