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研究分析:单双号行驶能让北京拥堵指数降一半(图)

2016-01-11 15:06:40   央广网

后两次单双号限行措施发生在2015年12月,连续两次空气重污染红色预警期间,主要目的是减少机动车尾气排放,降低空气污染。而且由于空气质量较差、中小学停课,部分企业主动配合实施在家办公等原因,单双号行驶期间,全市出行需求有较大幅度的降低。

“2008年以来,高峰时段本市城区平均交通指数保持在5.5左右(轻度拥堵),2015年是5.7。”温慧敏介绍说。

城市中心区管理小汽车出行是“世界惯例”

北京交通发展研究中心主任郭继孚告诉记者,一个城市缓解拥堵的措施包括发展公共交通、停车条件改善、路网建设等许多方面,不仅仅只是限行措施。“道路一年增长1%都不到,限购后车辆增长仍然接近3%以上。从全世界的情况来看,对于缓解拥堵走小汽车的这条路都是没有出路的。”郭继孚表示:“对于大城市来说,全世界都一样,就是要发展公共交通,用各种办法、各种形式来管理小汽车的出行,特别是在城市中心区、密集区。”据了解,国外有很多应急措施缓解交通拥堵,比如伦敦有低排放区,一旦不符合排放标准的车闯入该区会面临高额罚款。

郭继孚还举例说:“东京花了近50年时间,才把小汽车‘挤出去’。美国几乎每人一辆车,但曼哈顿77%的人没有车,纽约50%的人没有车。并不是买不起车,而是小汽车消耗城市空间资源。很多国外的城市虽然小汽车保有量比北京多,但多在城市低密度区、外围区域使用,中心城区的使用率远低于北京,甚至低于北京单双号行驶期间。”J147

什么是交通指数

交通指数是交通拥堵指数或交通运行指数(TrafficPerformanceIndex(TPI))的简称,是综合反映道路网畅通或拥堵的概念性指数值。

交通指数取值范围0-10,分为五级。其中0-2,2-4,4-6,6-8,8-10分别对应“畅通”、“基本畅通”、“轻度拥堵”、“中度拥堵”、“严重拥堵”五个级别,数值越高表明交通拥堵状况越严重。

0-2,畅通:交通运行状况良好,基本没有道路拥堵。

2-4,基本畅通:交通运行状况较好,有少量道路拥堵。一次出行平均需要比畅通时多花费0.2-0.5倍时间。

4-6,轻度拥堵:交通运行状况较差,部分环路、主干路拥堵。一次出行平均需要比畅通时多花费0.5-0.8倍时间。

6-8,中度拥堵:交通运行状况差,大量环路、主干路拥堵。一次出行平均需要比畅通时多花费0.8-1.1倍时间。

8-10,严重拥堵:交通运行状况很差,全市大部分道路拥堵。一次出行平均需要比畅通时多花费1.1倍以上时间。




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