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北京6次单双号限行情况分析:道路拥堵指数降一半

2016-01-11 12:49:13   

6次单双号措施,都与蓝天有一定关联。环保部门的统计数据也能佐证这种措施与大气间的关系:前四次单双号限行主要目的是为保障国家重大活动的交通服务和空气环境,每一次都配套了保障措施。以APEC期间为例,氮氧化物减排44%,颗粒物减排58%,挥发性有机物减排49%,单车污染物排放因子也相应降低。而世锦赛期间,中心城区总出行量减少了6.2%,公交出行比例增加5%,达到55%,小汽车出行比例降低至26%,汽车尾气排放量减少。

后两次单双号行驶措施发生在上个月连续两次空气重污染红色预警期间,主要目的是希望通过减少机动车尾气排放,给大气减压。同时,中小学停课、污染企业停产,部分企业鼓励在家办公等因素叠加,也降低了全市出行需求。

环保部门得出的结论是:根据本市主要污染源排放清单分析,现有应急措施中,机动车单双号限行措施的贡献应该是最大的。加上货车禁行等限行措施,交通环境站点与城市环境站点气态污染物的浓度差异有所减小,交通环境在限行期间有所改善。“从这两次实施红色预警措施来看,交通站与城市站的浓度比值均下降了20%左右。”

针对第一次空气重污染红色预警,中国环境科学研究院相关负责人介绍,预警发布后,受12月7日夜间机动车用量减少及12月8日上午应急措施的影响,机动车的污染排放较12月6日有大幅下降,由32%下降至7%左右,降幅达25个百分点,说明应急减排措施对于降低机动车污染源贡献作用明显。

热点回应

1.单双号期间,本市小客车使用频率相当于什么水平?

郭继孚:理论上,单双号期间,约半数的小汽车不出门。这个比例并不低。以日本东京都市圈为例(面积1.3万平方公里),虽然小汽车总量达到1500万辆,远高于北京,但是就中心城区小汽车的拥有量和使用频率而言,北京是其2倍和4倍。在美国,几乎人人有车,但纽约50%的人没有车,曼哈顿无车比例达到77%。并非因为买不起,更关键的是小汽车消耗城市空间资源。很多城市虽然小汽车保有量比北京多,但多是在城市低密度区、外围区域使用,中心城区的使用率远低于北京,甚至低于单双号行驶期间。

2.缓解交通拥堵,减少尾气排放,除了单双号行驶还有哪些措施可以借鉴?

郭继孚:国外也会有类似应急措施。只不过很多欧美城市,经过长时间治理,已经很少遇到重污染天气,所以就不会启动。还有一些措施,可以限制小汽车出行,比如伦敦等城市有低排放区,一旦不符合排放标准的车闯入会面临高额罚款。新加坡收取拥堵费,哪里最堵哪里收费。

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