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人大常委会委员:禁代孕让失独者再受打击

2015-12-24 17:03:45   中国新闻网

对于“禁止买卖精子、卵子、受精卵和胚胎;禁止以任何形式实施代孕”的条款,严以新委员认为,没有必要。

“究竟是禁止还是要规范,是在这部法律上提,还是在有关其他法律上提出,这些都是值得商榷的,建议对这条慎重考虑。”严以新说。

朱发忠委员表示,据有关资料,我们国家育龄夫妇中,不生育的大概有10%-15%,要生一个健康的孩子,过去是很正常的事,现在也遇到困难了。生育困难者,有这个需求,政府应该在打击黑代孕的同时,帮助老百姓解决这个困难。一些失独的人,没有孩子很痛苦,所以建议慎重立法。

全国人大农业与农村委员会副主任委员江帆也用数据说话,全国现有432家能做辅助生殖技术的医疗机构。我国内地1983年使用冷冻精液人工授精成功,1988年开始试管婴儿诞生,这一技术发展,给数以万计的不孕不育夫妇带来福音,促进了家庭幸福和社会和谐。到2014年已经有70万患者得到治疗。

“现在的问题是一些没有资质的医疗机构也在非法从事这项技术的使用。一些中介组织在地下非法采精、供精、采卵、供卵、搞代孕等非法活动。所以这次写进法律很有必要。”江帆说。

专家对话

受访专家

中国卫生法学会理事、北京市律协医药卫生法律专业委员会主任万欣

代孕合法时机仍未成熟

法制晚报:委员建议删除草案中“禁止代孕”的表述,您怎么看?

万欣:不能因为存在代孕乱象而禁止代孕。这些非法代孕的背后,隐藏着大量的生育需求,其中不乏合法生育需求的家庭,如失独家庭。

对于非法买卖等代孕乱象,可以进一步规范,如提高行政罚款,或考虑入刑等。

法晚:对于代孕问题,我国法律是如何规定的?

万欣:我国目前有关代孕问题的法律法规还十分有限。如此前卫生部的行政规章《人类生殖辅助技术管理办法》规定:“严禁以任何形式买卖精子、卵子和胚胎。”

若医疗机构及医务人员违反规定,将被处以“3万元以下罚款;构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任”。

但该文件仅为卫计委的行政规章,法律层级相对较低,惩罚力度也较弱,且仅针对医疗机构,对于医疗机构以外提供代孕的妇女和寻求代孕的夫妻缺乏规定。

法晚:您觉得现在允许合法代孕的时机成熟吗?

万欣:从目前情况来看,时机并不是很成熟,因为这还涉及民法法律方面的问题。

如子女关系的认定,从代孕母亲肚子分娩出来,这个代孕子女和父母什么关系,包括妊娠期、分娩后的问题,以及代孕母亲找父母把孩子要回来等,这些法律问题不可能在短时间内解决。

法晚:如果允许合法代孕,要注意哪些问题?

万欣:我国应当积极立法规范代孕行为,至少应规定代孕适用范围,还要确立适用代孕的伦理原则、知情同意原则、保密原则、保护后代原则以及严防商业化原则等。

此外还应规定代孕的技术操作规范,代孕合同规范,委托夫妻、孕母、新生儿关系的界定,亲子关系的界定,代孕过程中医疗纠纷的解决方式以及违反规定代孕的法律责任等。

责任编辑:柯旺 CN044
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评论:代孕是该“禁止”还是该“规范”?

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