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全国“黑户”有1300万 大部分系超生未上户口

2015-12-08 09:13:55   中国青年报

杨世忠说,他们也都是因为没有出生证明,没有亲生母亲的DNA,没办法上户口。

“太穷了!”杨世忠觉得简直难以想象,但他更担心孩子们未来精神上继续“穷”下去。

“说实话,现在没有户口,对他们影响还不大。上小学初中,村委会开证明学校也不拒绝。但以后上高中、上大学,没有户口、没有身份证,无法报名是一个很大的问题。未来打工、结婚、外出,几乎是寸步难行!”杨世忠说,孩子的家人以前也找过村委会、乡政府协调,但手续不齐,还是没办法。

“穷不可怕,可怕的是自己战胜不了自己。”杨世忠回忆,他和几个孩子交流都比较困难,受长辈木讷懒散的影响,他们没有人生目标。和小女孩提起要不要去找亲生父母落户口时,也是一副无所谓的样子。

“‘黑户’缺的可不仅仅是一个户口、一张身份证这么简单,这意味着,医疗、教育等一系列福利都与他无关了。”北京大学人口研究所教授乔晓春说,坐火车、坐飞机、找工作、找房子……甚至出门买个药,没有身份证,很多事都做不了,生活里满是困难。

“影响最大的就是孩子,刚生下来没有户口,接受免疫针都受影响,连带会产生很多问题。”乔晓春说。

这也是杨世忠所担心的,物质上贫穷只是暂时的,怕只怕连心智也跟着“贫穷”了。

计生政策放宽给“黑户”松绑

造成大量“黑户”,与过去计划生育和户籍捆绑有必然联系。原新说,过去,很多地方给落户设置了前置条件。比如,“超生”人员必须交了社会抚养费才给落户口。但事实上,这种做法并没有法律依据。根据《中华人民共和国户口登记条例》,对出生的中国公民予以户口登记,没有任何附加条件。

但乔晓春在接受中国青年报记者采访时表示,计划生育特别严时,官方文件确实规定过,要和方方面面的管理挂钩。各部门都要配合做好计划生育工作,很多福利待遇也要经计划生育部门批准后,才可进一步落实。

乔晓春说,那时候,计划生育和上户口绑在一起,也是为了增加一项控制手段,如果“解绑”,对计划生育政策会带来很大冲击。

不过,据乔晓春介绍,上世纪90年代时,已经发现计划生育与户籍挂钩会影响人的发展。“已经生出来的孩子,虽然违反计划生育政策,但还是应该保障他们的权利。”乔晓春说,所以,当时国家也曾发文要求脱钩,要求只要出生就得无条件给上户口。

“但这个要求在很多地方没有落实。”乔晓春说,因为计划生育工作在好些地方有“一票否决权”,如果计划生育没做好,领导干部的政绩就要被否决掉。所以,尽管上面三令五申,还是有很多地方执行不下去。

不过现在,乔晓春认为,这个阻力不存在了。一方面,计划生育工作做得好坏,与政绩的联系不再那么紧密。另一方面,当下的人口政策也宽松多了。

“‘黑户’问题很早就存在,之所以现在可以公开解决,很重要的原因是政策放宽,计划生育的压力不大了。”乔晓春说,如果计划生育还像过去那么严格,或者政策不放开,这件事可能也还开展不了。

“户口是户口,计划生育是计划生育,不是说落户了就是不违反计划生育政策了,也不能因为违反计划生育政策就不给人落户。”原新认为,公安部的举措,是厘清各领域法律的边界,彻底将这两个问题剥离开,是实现真正的依法治国。

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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公安部高层开会讨论黑户问题 中国1300万人没户口

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