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全国“黑户”有1300万 大部分系超生未上户口

2015-12-08 09:13:55   中国青年报

据第六次全国人口普查显示,全国“黑户”有1300万,占总人口的1%。张清黄就是那1%。

张清黄是一个12岁的大男孩。他所生活的村庄有一个美丽的名字,叫凤凰村。望子成龙、望女成凤,是很多父母对子女的期望。但张清黄的未来却可能与“飞黄腾达”沾不到边。

因为他没有户口。如果继续这么“黑”下去,考大学无望,找好工作无望,甚至连这个村子,他可能都走不出去。

11月下旬,公安部部长郭声琨主持召开公安部党委会议暨部全面深化改革领导小组第十七次(扩大)会议。议题之一,就是解决全国无户籍人口的户口登记问题。

获知这个消息时,远在四川农村的张清黄和他62岁的老父亲,还不知道这意味着什么。但在南开大学人口与发展研究所教授原新看来,这是个大进步。户口的归户口,计生的归计生,“依法治国不仅是口号,还要落实到具体的工作当中去。”

没有户口的人生

2011年4月29日,国务院第六次人口普查领导小组副组长、时任国家统计局局长马建堂做客人民网时曾给出一组数字。他说,全国登记到没有户口的人有1300多万,大部分是超生未上户口的。

据《第一财经日报》报道,国家发改委宏观经济研究院副研究员万海远等人在2014年调研后,认为这个“大部分”的比例占到60%以上。此外,“黑户”还包括没有主动上户口、弃婴、未婚生育、相关证件丢失、户籍办理程序繁琐、基层部门不作为等多种类型。

家住云南省红河哈尼族彝族自治州农村的普美珍(化名)夫妇,就是因“超生”而一直没给孩子上户口。这对哈尼族夫妇有5个孩子,后来的3个属于超生。一个9岁,一个7岁,一个5岁,都还没上学。

夫妇俩在外地打工,好的时候,每月能有四五千元收入,但养活5个孩子,还是吃力。“只要能把他们供出来,我们多苦多累都没关系。可我们夫妻挣的钱,只够生活费,上户口要先交好几万元,去哪里找钱?都急死我了!”普美珍说。

刚生孩子那几年,普美珍还到处躲。但这两年,眼见孩子要上学,普美珍开始频频找村委会、找乡政府计生部门、找乡长办,得到的消息还是“要先交罚款再落户”。

远在四川省的张清黄不是“超生户”,但也没有户口。因为他不知道自己的妈妈是谁,连出生证明都没有。手续不齐,派出所也就没法给他上户口。

张清黄一家是杨世忠单位的精准扶贫对象。后者是四川省自贡市贡井区工商局副局长,他告诉中国青年报记者,多年前,张清黄的母亲从外地来,生下他半年多,就又到其他地方生活去了。父亲已经年迈,长期有病,又爱喝酒,动不动就打他。

父子俩居住的3间破砖瓦房,四面透风。有一次,都中午12点了,房门还紧闭着。杨世忠一行去扶贫时,敲了很久才打开门。父亲在床上喝醉了。儿子一出门,就被打了一巴掌,被呵斥道:“怎么不喊人,不听话!”

杨世忠瞥了一眼,被打的孩子站在一边,双手攥着衣服角,紧咬嘴唇不说话,但眼神里充满恐惧和怨恨。

村上和张清黄一样是“黑户”的还有两个孩子。一个是女孩,出生40多天时被养父从外地捡了回来。居住的4间土屋,3间漏雨。都14岁了,还跟养父挤在一张床上。墙壁用木棍勉强支着,算是撑起了一个家。另一个是10岁的男孩,条件稍好些。母亲18岁时生下他就跑了,亲生父亲也不知是谁,一直和外公住在一起。

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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公安部高层开会讨论黑户问题 中国1300万人没户口

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