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媒体:最高法在哪些情况下启动“暂缓执行死刑”

2015-12-02 09:14:56   新京报

原标题:最高法为啥对这些人“刀下留人”?

今天,一则最高法“刀下留人”的消息,引发关注。

河南农民王广建在即将被执行死刑的最后时刻,命运逆转,最高法启动了暂缓执行死刑程序,是生还是死,王广建将等待最高法的下一步裁决。

此前,王广建由于伙同他人运毒7.5公斤,两审均被判处死刑。据报道,就在行刑前的最后时刻,发现了一份影像资料新证据:毒贩亲口说,王广建并不知道驾驶的货车上面有毒品。据此,王广建的死刑立即执行按下了“暂停键”,司法部门将对此案重新作出裁定。

“政事儿”注意到,“暂缓执行死刑”并不是新鲜事。1955年全国第一起“在监督执行死刑中平反的冤案”山东安乐三案,就已采用“暂缓执行死刑”。

但近些年来,“刀下留人”的案例少之又少,最后真正“留成”的,更是罕见。刑事诉讼法规定越来越严密,物证技术越来越高,绝大多数的错案,已经在诉讼前端化解。

那么,在哪些情况下,最高法会启动“暂缓执行死刑”、按下死刑“暂停键”呢?

全国首例,死刑犯在行刑前获释

中国社会科学院法学研究所刑法研究室主任刘仁文接受“政事儿”采访时表示:依据刑诉法的规定,三种情况应“刀下留人”、停止执行死刑:执行前发现判决可能有错误;执行前罪犯揭发重大犯罪事实或者有其他重大立功表现,可能需要改判;罪犯正在怀孕。

“政事儿”注意到,1955年“全国第一起在监督执行死刑中平反的冤案”山东安乐三案,就属于第一种情形:执行前发现判决可能有错误。

据《人民公安》报道,1955年12月30日,山东省胶县(今胶州市),死刑犯安乐三押往刑场途中,一个劲地喊冤,说他没有人命罪,让他吃饭,也不肯吃。还死命挣脱民警的手,扑通一声跪在地上,仰头望天哀嚎道:“老天爷您老人家显显灵,救救我吧,我死得好冤枉啊!”说完跪在路上不肯起来。

负责监督执行死刑的胶县检察院助理检察员刘明智意识到,该案可能另有隐情,经再三审问犯人,断定很可能是一起错案。请示后启动暂缓执行死刑程序,组建调查组重启调查,查明,抗战时期安乐三被日伪军逼迫当上了伪副保长,解放后被检举涉嫌两起杀人罪,但第一条人命纯属子虚乌有,第二条人命则属张冠李戴。最终,安乐三案撤销原判,改为“教育释放”。

1956年6月,最高人民检察院向全国转发了纠正安乐三错案的前前后后,将之列为“全国第一起在监督执行死刑中平反的冤案”,要求全国政法人员引为借鉴。

四起“暂停”后继续执行死刑的案件

“政事儿”注意到,改革开放后,执行死刑的最后时刻按下“暂停键”的案件也偶有发生,每一起都引发广泛关注,2002年陕西“枪下留人案”、2006年袁宝璟案、2012年佛山“刀下留人案”、2014年惠州毒枭刘文彪案等。不过,这四起案件最终的结果仍旧是执行死刑。

2002年陕西“枪下留人案”曾经震惊全国。罪犯董伟因故意杀人罪被判处死刑。在执行枪决前4分钟,最高法下令暂缓。之后,陕西高院根据最高人民法院的指示,另行组成合议庭,审查全案,核查有关证人证言,最后做出维持死刑的终审裁定,董伟被枪决。

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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