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环卫临时工现状:每天清扫十多小时 月薪千元(图)

2014-03-28 08:16:05   中国新闻网

该调查指出,环卫工人的社会保障缺失较为严重。湖南省各地60.4%的环卫工人没有购买任何保险。究其原因:一是政府财政拨款只能满足编制内职工的社保,没钱为编外人员缴纳社保;二是一线环卫工人队伍不稳定,流动性大,年龄老化,有很多工人来应聘时就接近退休年龄,按规定不能办理养老保险;另一部分人因缴费年限较短自己要补缴数万元,没有能力缴。

工会人士在调查中还发现,由于常年租住在城市中,有相当一部分临时工没有参加新农村合作医疗保险和新型农村社会养老保险,这部分人抗风险能力极弱。

据悉,这一调查抽取的样本高达9500多份。

湖南省总工会副巡视员田良玉说,他们还到一些地市作了详细了解,发现湖南6万多人环卫工人劳动强度往往超出额定任务量很多。《湖南省城市环境卫生工作费用定额标准》规定的劳动定额标准是每人每天3100~3300平方米,“实际上往往在5000到1万以上。”田良玉说,“一些人(累得)走路都打瞌睡,肯定不安全。”

他指出,环卫临时工待遇低,月薪1500元以下的占92%,很多县里的环卫工人收入多在千元以下,加之工作环境危险大,2012年全省发生意外的1200多人,20名环卫工人死亡。2013年仅衡阳县就有20多人伤亡。由于环卫行业属于典型的劳动密集型行业,机械化程度低。垃圾“清扫-清运-转运-处理”4个环节,职业危害程度越来越高,造血系统、呼吸系统、神经系统、妇科系统等患重病率呈逐年上升趋势。

“收入低身体多病、又没有社保医保,一旦到龄被辞退,多数环卫工人的生存立刻成了难题,他们心里很恐惧。”刘丹阳说,这是今年以来,很多环卫工人纷纷走进律师楼的原因。

有条件的区没有给临聘环卫工上养老险原因之一是,市里担心给全局工作带来不稳定

面对临聘环卫工人的接连仲裁之诉,长沙市芙蓉区环卫局的解释却是另有苦衷。

芙蓉区环卫局党委书记梁卫告诉记者,2014年春节前,该局有1666名临聘职工,现在1700多人。环卫局是事业单位,原来有编制的约600人。近10年来这些人中一些待岗或转业,现在上班的大概200多人。由于城市扩张,原有的队伍不能满足需要,只能临聘环卫工,门槛也很低。“40~50岁的,拿得动扫把的都可以来。”最开始临聘人员每月工资600~800元,正式工2000元。

他说,正式员工绝大部分都在管理岗位上。临聘环卫工工作根据人流密集、污染条件划工作面积,人流量大的1500平米,少的5000平方米左右,清扫工作6个半至7个小时一个班,1200元工资+300元绩效。考虑上两个班,职工体力吃不消,他们设定两天三班制度,大部分临聘环卫工每月收入高于1600元。

“雇佣一个临时工,包括工伤、意外险在内,一年要3万元。”梁卫称,芙蓉区财政2011年大幅度增加了对环卫工作的投入,达到了7500万元,今年可能会追加。这些经费中刚性支出的有35万吨垃圾的转运,100多台机械的运作,两项超过2000万元。虽然长沙市去年取消了垃圾处理费,将其涵盖到了自来水收费中,每年按规定环卫部门可以从中收取1500万元。但实际上,这些费用是优先用于弥补城市管理工作费用不足的,给各个区环卫部门只有象征性的一点补助。

梁卫承认,曾经给部分临聘环卫工签订了合同,后来又没有继续推行,原因是《劳动法》规定要签订合同,但签了合同又没有给临聘环卫工买保险,“这样既理亏,又违法,所以没有搞了。”

他说,芙蓉区经济条件较好,区里倒是很重视,早在3年前就做了预算,核心问题就是解决养老保险。按照今年的基数算,单位(环卫局)每年需负担1510万元,环卫工个人部分要扣去250元/月,由此产生了两个新问题:农村来的临聘环卫工考虑眼前利益,有些人不愿意买社保;另一个问题是,芙蓉区愿意推动,但是全市步调不一,市里担心给全局工作带来不稳定。

芙蓉区人社局副局长王伟京说,该区对环卫工人的状况比较重视,在全市最早帮环卫工人办理了工伤保险,2011年启动社保的准备工作。考虑到全市的统一安排暂时没有推行。但这一问题在去年有重大突破,2013年12月10日,长沙市政府召开了专门会议,明确环卫工人参加“五险”,时间表也有了。

当记者问到以前辞退的临聘环卫工将如何对待时王伟京回复称,我们在等政策。

本报长沙3月27日电 记者 洪克非文并摄

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