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走进古乐之乡 探寻非遗活态传承的“随州样本”

2017-09-25 17:35:31   光明网

漆艺(李政葳/摄)

为了活态传承随州当地的非物质文化遗产,与何相安、陈小宝等人有同样决心的,还有湖北省民间工艺技能传承人、“随州市首席技师”祝成超。漆器,是古老华夏文化宝库中的一颗璀璨夺目的明珠,有着7000年的历史,中国漆器也被国际上誉为“珍贵的黑宝石”、“东方珍品”、“迷人的中国少女的眼睛”。

在上个世纪90年代,第七代传人祝成超进城,先后从事工艺美术雕刻、文物复仿制工作。在充分考证曾国漆器纹饰文化的基础上,结合祖传技艺精髓,研发、突破了选材、雕刻、髹漆等环节中的技术难题。并在2006年注册成立了曾楚文物复仿制研究所,主要复仿制曾侯乙墓漆器,使祖传技艺走向复兴。

“每一件小小的器具都要投入大量的时间和人力。”祝成超介绍,制作过程中先用泥土、石膏等制作胚胎,以传统手工艺麻布为原料,以生漆为粘剂,用抹布和生漆在胚胎上逐层裱褙,连上数次麻布和生漆,使之达到一定厚度,待阴干后敲碎内胎,留下漆布器形,再经过上灰、打磨、漆研磨、髹漆、推光等数道工序,并施以各种彩绘纹样,才能成为一个光亮绚丽的漆器艺术品。

“一件漆器工序常常要达到五六十道,有的甚至达到百道之多。通常一件作品要一两个月,甚至半年时间。且工艺人员既要有历史考古知识,又要是能工巧匠,既要有娴熟的笔墨功夫,又要有美术绘画素养。”祝成超说。

编钟制作校音技艺(李政葳/摄)

如今,祝成超所在研究所也办起了培训班。“行业不断发展,需要扩大这门工艺的影响力,正需要这方面人才。培训出来后可以直接到研究所工作。”祝成超说,“国家对非遗项目大力扶植,我们更应该尽力做好传承,回报社会。”

目前,祝成超所在研究所已上线了网店,且注重通过新媒体手段进行推广营销,产品远销我国香港、台湾及东南亚和欧美等地,经常需要组织批量生产。

作为炎帝神农故里,湖北随州又被称之为“编钟古乐之乡”。随着擂鼓墩、叶家山出土的西周早期编钟,改写了世界音乐史。“编钟制作校音技艺”也荣登了湖北省第五批非遗名录。在古乐之乡里,编钟制作校音技术与漆器、花鼓戏交相辉映,一个活态传承保护非物质文化遗产的“随州样本”正在形成。

责任编辑:李皓 CN002
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