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美试射“航母杀手”?原是为应对中国这一绝招

2017-09-12 13:10:49   参考消息网

自苏联解体以来,美国军队一直能够在行动自由极少受到重大挑战的情况下向海外投送力量,在冷战后几次局部战争中,美军都尝到了将军事力量前出部署的甜头,因此中国的“反介入/区域拒止”能力也被美军视为限制其“横行”自由、阻碍其以武力随意干涉他国内政的眼中钉。美军认为,中国军队的“反进入∕区域拒止”系统和作战方式,在可预见的将来会对其在至关重要的西太平洋地区的影响力和力量投送能力构成严峻并持久的“挑战”。

美试图用新导弹填补“分布式杀伤”短板

为了能够继续充当世界警察,也为了能够延长力量投送的“黄金年代”,美军也是绞尽脑汁来削弱对手的“反介入/区域拒止”能力。这其中就有“分布式杀伤”概念。2015年年初,美国海军水面舰艇部队提出该作战概念。该理念核心思想是将昂贵的大型装备的功能分解到大量小型平台上,通过自主、协同等技术达到相同或更高的作战能力,其具有成本低、灵活性强、对抗性强等优势。

以海军为例,其“分布式杀伤”是指“使更多的水面舰船,具备更强的中远程火力打击能力,并让它们以分散部署的形式、更为独立地作战,以增强敌方的应对难度,为潜在敌人制造难以解决的目标选择问题,并提高己方的战场生存性”。其核心思想包括两个方面:一是将海上反舰、防空能力分散到更多的水面舰艇上;二是提高单舰作战能力,在“宙斯盾”舰上加装反舰导弹等进攻性武器,在两栖舰上加装“宙斯盾”系统。用美军的话来形容,就是要达到“凡船皆可战”。

美海军“分布式杀伤”概念图

但美军目前要执行“分布式杀伤”理念有一个明显的短板,即缺乏合适的反舰导弹,导致现役水面舰艇的反舰能力不足。从2009年起,美军启动了“远程反舰导弹”项目,由美海军研究办公室(ONR)和美国防先进研究项目局(DARPA)共同出资并参与管理,旨在研制出满足未来反舰作战需求的攻击型反舰武器。

有人将此款导弹称为“航母杀手”,这种说法虽然有些夸大其作用,但此次发射成功,的确可以在一定程度上填补“分布式杀伤”理念的短板,意味着美海军距离“凡船皆可战”的目标又近了一步,其“分布式杀伤”理念在贯彻时也会减少不少障碍。

(以上言论系作者个人观点,不代表本网立场)

责任编辑:高宗影 CN060
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