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中国敲定的大动作,会改变南亚的格局吗?

2017-09-12 10:58:18   侠客岛

抵抗

作为地区最大的国家,印度占据了南亚经济总量的将近80%,在南亚形成了无可置疑的“单极霸权”。冷战期间,印度肢解巴基斯坦,吞并锡金,让南亚邻国对其“又怕又恨”,却也无可奈何。

尼泊尔则地处喜马拉雅山南麓,是完全的内陆国。由于喜马拉雅山的地理阻隔,使得尼泊尔长期以来需要依赖过境印度才能运输商品,尼泊尔对印度的经济依赖高达60%以上。一直以来,借着喜马拉雅山的地理之便,以及尼印的经贸依赖,印度得以牢牢地控制着尼泊尔。

一个典型的例子就是,2015年9月尼泊尔推出新宪法后,由于未能满足印裔马德西人的诉求,印度就故意采取“半禁运”的方式,使得尼举国陷入油气荒,迫使尼泊尔政府要给印裔马德西更大的政治权力。不少尼泊尔精英明白,如果给了马德西人更多的(投票权)票数,那尼泊尔就离“锡金化”更进一步了。之后,尼印关系陷入谷底。

面对印度的霸权外交,尼泊尔虽是小国,也直想要挣脱;而他们其实也懂得借用中国来抵制印度的影响力。

2016年3月,时任尼泊尔总理的奥利访华,与中国签订输入油气和商品过境的协议,试图摆脱完全依赖印度的困境;这让印度政府对尼泊尔产生了极大的担忧。最近的对峙事件,印度最终撤军,无疑让尼泊尔看到了打破印度控制的机会——印度的地区霸权,终于同“北方大国”遭遇了。于是,尼泊尔紧紧抓住了这个机会,与中国拉近关系。

而通过中尼铁路加强与中国的联系,无疑是非常可行的一步。

战略

对中国而言,这段铁路的意义则在于推进“一带一路”的战略。

“一带一路”提出后,王毅外长访问尼泊尔时就表示,中方希望中国、尼泊尔、印度三方保持相互促进、良性循环、积极互动关系,愿探讨中尼印三方合作的可能性。2015年5月,莫迪访华期间,习近平主席提出中印建立中尼印经济走廊的可能,莫迪总理积极回应,并提议建立联合研究小组探讨中尼印经济走廊倡议。

但之后,印度就“搁置”了这一建议。

既然印度要搁置三边合作,那中尼只好双边推进了。中尼铁路的修建正是如此,它将显著地促进西藏与中亚的经济联系。目前,藏区的大量生活必需品都是从内地运输,成本较高;铁路修通后,南亚产出的热带水果、日常用品都可直接通过铁路输送到中国藏区,有助于降低中国藏区的生活成本。

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