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说好的计划又要泡汤?美国空军笑了,海军哭了!

2017-09-07 11:20:09   参考消息网

数据显示,2018财年海军预算为1715.11亿美元,比2017财年的1590.96亿美元增加7.8%。不仅涨幅比陆空军要少,就连急于扩充战力的海军陆战队都从海军经费中“分蛋糕”。层层克扣下来,美国海军的经费只能勉强用于维持常规工资涨幅、日常训练战备和老舰维护升级上。至于此前美国海军提出的维持全球部署能力的最低限额——350舰计划和308舰计划,依照现有预算根本不存在实现的空间。

装备采购分蛋糕空军成为“大赢家”

资料图片:图为2018财年美军装备采购明细表。(图片来源于网络)

聊完了宏观的国防预算总额分配,再让我们把视线移到网友们最关心的新装备采购的具体方案上。

从数据上看,美国空军成为装备采购分配方案中的“最大赢家”。美空军近年新列装的各种主力装备采购量都将在2018财年稳步增长。其中F-35战斗机由2017财年的68架增加到70架。尽管2架的涨幅看似不大,但近2个财年总计138架的五代机采购量已非常可观,将在短期内快速更新和扩充美空军的F-35机队。

同时,由于F-35已进入批量采购阶段,此前由于“低速初始生产”模式而居高不下的单机价格会显著降低(因产量增加,单机研发成本分摊额降低)。2018年财年采购70架F-35战机的总价就比2017财年采购68架F-35战机的总价下降了5亿美元。同时,新型的KC-46A加油机同2017财年一样,保持了15架的采购规模,新型战略轰炸机B-21的研制经费也有显著增加。

此外,在美国空军装备的导弹和高技术弹药方面,2018财年采购量也将增大。美空军计划用于未来远程打击作战的“远程防区外攻击武器(LRSW)”的采购金额从1亿美元增加到5亿美元,此举旨在未来强化美空军的远程打击能力。而美空军在新型B61-12战术核弹研发上的投入也将增大。

相比在装备采购中获益颇多的空军,在宏观预算分配上颇为“憋屈”的海军再次充当苦主。美国海军航空兵装备的采购量较2017财年有所降低,2018财年计划采购的P-8A反潜机、F/A-18E/F舰载战斗机和V-22“鱼鹰”倾转旋翼机的实际数量都下降不少。当然这对于海军航空兵的影响倒是相对不大。

由于美国海军换装F-35系列战斗机的进程稳步推进,采购老式的F/A-18E/F的数量下降是必然趋势。而新型的P-8A反潜机和V-22倾转旋翼机在2018财年已进入换装末期,整体需求量降低也属正常。因此,美国海军航空兵的现役机队还将保持比较好的状态。

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