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美惊呼“匈奴王”回归!119架无人机集群令西方不安

2017-08-30 09:15:04   瞭望智库

*先进计算机控制的电传操纵系统可以通过互相的交联通讯,使得两架飞机之间的协调动作更加顺畅,毕竟机器的稳定性赛过飞行员。

可以说,目前,无人机在战场上已经大放异彩,不仅仅能够执行侦察、监视等辅助性任务,在某些任务领域早就挑起“大梁”,例如,美国正在致力于使X47B无人机(可以用于夺取制空权和对地攻击多用途)实现舰载。

因此,以无人机的方式实现“空天母舰”有了现实的基础。

科技实力独步全球的美国自然不甘落后。

在雄厚的技术基础上,以DARPA(美国国防高级研究计划局)为首的若干研究部门,明确提出了开发小型集群化作战的无人机研发项目。未来,美军将致力于装备多种这样的无人机系统:具有一定智能自主能力、体积小型化、可在集群条件下互相协调甚至与有人机协同作战,并且成本低廉、可以回收。

这就是蜂群无人机战术。

其灵感来自蜂群:蜜蜂群体行动时,每只蜜蜂并不需要掌握所有信息,只跟自己周围几只小伙伴进行信息交流,然后,通过网络式共享信息,从而使整个蜂群明确行动目的。

4,革命:蜂群无人机战术

2015年底,俄军出动无人机集群进入叙参加地面反恐作战,世界上首次无人机机群作战由此展开,对击溃“伊斯兰国”防线起到不可低估的作用。

这种蜂群战术具有革命性意义!

对于集群无人机而言,其中并没有领导者或者核心设备。集群无人机是一个自组织的系统,所有的无人机单体都是平等的。集群性能够让无人机对一个区域进行有效搜索,在一起飞行并不会发生碰撞。而且操作一整个集群无人机仅仅需要一个操作员。

设想一下,如果一架F16作为母机突然释放出数十甚至更多个子机,一起发动攻击,每个子机根据战术网络共享敌情信息、依靠机载人工智能控制系统进行选择和判断,最后分别扑向预定目标,就相当于在一瞬间使整体攻击力成倍递增。若其中还有其他个体分别承担电子战、警戒等作战任务,那么,在传统有人驾驶飞机上飞行员难以独自完成的警戒(一般要依靠僚机)、发现目标、发动攻击等一系列必须动作,将由无人机蜂群迅速完美执行。

值得一提的是,这些子机依靠3D打印等技术制造,成本低廉。不必担心对方火力拦截,即便损失了也不可惜,完全可以采取“自杀式攻击”。从这个角度来说,等于使敌方火控系统的任务压力迅速增加数十倍——面对这种“神风”式的饱和攻击,即便防守方火力十分强大,也是无可奈何。打个比方,就像一头壮壮的熊面对一群疯狂扑来的马蜂,除了抱头逃走,也没有什么更好选项了。

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