新闻
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/13000808/20170815/31098252_2.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2024/12/28 22:24:56

Powered by China
China

印度经济“雪崩式”下滑 专家:莫迪成不了邓小平

2017-08-15 11:25:50   中国日报网

图片来自@视觉中国

据2012年数据,印度约有86.6%的交易使用现金,现金交易容易滋生黑钱,“黑色经济”目前占印度GDP比重高达20%。有研究认为,仅2002-2011年印度就有约3440亿美元现金非法流出,这不仅导致了大量财政税收流失,还威胁着国家金融安全。目前,14万亿卢比被废止的旧钞已经有超过80%被收回(约合11.2万亿卢比),新币发行数额仅为4万亿卢比,大约7.2万亿缺口转化为银行存款。

从长期来看,废钞令及其倡导的支付非现金化,能够促使现金存款化和地下经济透明化,加强国家对资金流动的监控。然而废钞令也导致了资金流动性降低,直接冲击了主要依靠现金交易的中小企业,中小企业资金运转困难,无法给工人发放工资,甚至陷入停产。而中小企业和个体户占印度GDP总额的45%,雇佣了80%的劳动力,这就不难理解废钞令在很大程度上挫伤了印度经济,导致多项经济指标暴跌。

继取消大额纸钞改革,莫迪经济改革的另一条主线在商品服务税改革。印度传统税制中,各邦都有独立的课税权力,税收体系错综复杂,从生产到销售各个环节都存在重复征税,过程繁琐,税赋繁重。导致国内市场严重分割,实际税率高企,助长了黑市和逃税,逃税避税观念在印度社会也是根深蒂固。

在世界银行公布的全球189个国家商品交易便利化指数排名中,印度名列第134位。然而经过层层附加的税收体系并没有带来印度政府税收收入的增加,数据显示,印度税收收入占GDP比重仅为16.6%,是世界占比最低的几个国家之一。

莫迪改革打破了地方上的“团团伙伙”,使得历史上不能由各邦政府征收的商品服务税改为中央与地方的共享税种,从而创立全国统一商品消费税制度,推动全国统一消费市场的建立。将过去游离于灰色地带的高额间接税负,改为只针对消费环节征收间接税,提高印度经济便利化程度和物流效率,增强企业活力,促进经济增长。同时也有利于扩大税基,增加公共财政。

但从目前情况看,税收结构仍较复杂,各行业的商品服务税还未厘定,企业和居民还未熟悉新的报税流程,消费税上调带来的物价上涨冲击了国内消费需求,在税改中如何调节中央和地方政府的关系也是横在莫迪面前的一大难题。改革缺乏经济发展的支撑因素,仅仅是一场自上而下式的主观性改革,会对经济发展产生较大程度的干扰,税改导致印度国内供给链和分销链出现紊乱,商业情况极度恶化,达到了金融危机以来的最糟糕水平。

上一页2/5下一页
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/13000808/20170815/31098252_2.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2024/12/28 22:24:56

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/13000808/20170815/31098252_2.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2024/12/28 22:24:56

Powered by China
China

相关阅读

印度医院供氧中断致33名儿童死亡?官方否认

2017-08-14 10:28:37

印媒:美国准备好帮印度实现“军事现代化”

2017-08-14 10:58:34

对峙近两个月,印度在赌什么?

2017-08-14 11:03:01

50万印度人竖起"战神"旗帜,他们的目标却是莫迪!

2017-08-14 14:42:38
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/13000808/20170815/31098252_2.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2024/12/28 22:24:56

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/13000808/20170815/31098252_2.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2024/12/28 22:24:56

Powered by China
China
分享到:
0 0
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/13000808/20170815/31098252_2.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2024/12/28 22:24:56

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/13000808/20170815/31098252_2.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2024/12/28 22:24:56

Powered by China
China

美图推荐

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/13000808/20170815/31098252_2.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2024/12/28 22:24:56

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/13000808/20170815/31098252_2.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2024/12/28 22:24:56

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/13000808/20170815/31098252_2.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2024/12/28 22:24:56

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/13000808/20170815/31098252_2.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2024/12/28 22:24:56

Powered by China
China

为您推荐

加载更多>>
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/13000808/20170815/31098252_2.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2024/12/28 22:24:56

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/13000808/20170815/31098252_2.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2024/12/28 22:24:56

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/13000808/20170815/31098252_2.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2024/12/28 22:24:56

Powered by China
China