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印度的野心:欲把印度洋打造成内湖,吞并周边国家

2017-08-09 15:25:45   瞭望智库

1949年8月,印度同不丹订立《永久和平与友好条约》,实现了对不丹的控制。1950年7月30日,印度与尼泊尔签订了《印度尼泊尔和平友好条约》,并取得派军官训练尼泊尔军队的特权,进一步从军事上加强控制。近年来,尼泊尔力图摆脱对印度的军事依赖,但印度在尼泊尔的影响依然存在。

4,鲸吞藏南土地,觊觎阿克赛钦

历史上,中印领土争议起于两国边界西段地区。当时英属印度为取得抗拒沙俄势力的地理优势,向北抢占领土。19世纪末,英属印度在巩固对中亚地区的控制权后,将视线转到中印边境的中段和东段。

印度独立后,继续打造以喜马拉雅山脉为边界的安全体系。从1950年开始,印度向“麦克马洪线”以南地区推进,到1954年基本占领“麦克马洪线”以南约9万平方公里的领土,并成立了所谓“东北特区”。同年7月,印度新出版地图把东段“麦线”以南中国约9万平方公里的领土及西段约3.3万平方公里的领土划入印度,并将它标为已定国界线,正式公开对中国提出领土要求。

1955年至1958年,印军又占领了中段的波林三多、什布奇山口以西、巨哇、曲惹等地区,并加紧对藏南地区的蚕食,进而引发了1962年边境武装冲突。1972年,印度将该“东北特区”改为“阿鲁纳恰尔中央直辖区”;1987年,印度正式宣布成立所谓“阿鲁纳恰尔邦”。

在西段地区,印度始终觊觎中国阿克赛钦等地区,企图与克什米尔地区连成一片,以便有效瞰制中亚地区和中国西藏、新疆地区。上世纪50年代后期,印度尼赫鲁政府以所谓“约翰逊线”为依据,对阿克赛钦提出领土要求,其后又对班公湖地区、碟木卓克等地提出领土要求。

由此,印度在中印边境制造了约12.5万平方公里的领土争议,较之英印殖民者有过之而无不及。

5,出兵南亚岛国,打造“印度之洋”

印度洋不同于其他海洋,辽阔洋面上没有太多岛屿,进出印度洋只有两个咽喉要道――霍尔木兹海峡和马六甲海峡。在英国鼎盛时期,英属印度完全控制了印度洋,成为大英帝国的“内湖”。

20世纪70年代,英国从印度洋地区撤军后,该海域一时出现了力量真空,美、苏海军舰队接踵而至,开始了激烈角逐,这对拥有长达7520公里海岸线的印度海上安全构成重大威慑。印度随即制定了主宰印度洋的“印度之洋”战略目标。

其中有两项主要扩张举措:一是出兵岛国。1987年7月29日,印度以维和部队的名义,派出海陆空军约6000人至斯里兰卡政府军和猛虎组织控制区边界。当印军试图限制猛虎组织行动时,却受到了态度强硬的猛虎组织的反抗。从1987年10月到1989年7月的3年间,印军与猛虎组织大打出手,其兵力曾一度增加到10万人,但仍未能消灭猛虎组织。

一波未平一波又起,1988年11月3日,马尔代夫的泰米尔族人突然发动针对地方政府的政变,印度派伞兵部队紧急出动,一天时间平息了政变。印度通过出兵两个岛国,增强了对印度洋的控制力。

二是推行“印度洋控制战略”。印度重点发展远洋攻击力量,不断提高海上作战能力。进入21世纪后,印度把建设一支强大的现代化海军,作为“印度洋控制战略”的重要举措。经过十余年的发展,印度海军已经成为世界排名第七、在印度洋具有优势的海上力量。

然而,由于其实力还无法全面控制印度洋,近几年来,印度采用大国平衡战略,频繁与美国、日本、澳大利亚等国在印度洋举行联合演习,试图将印度洋掌控在自己的影响之下。

责任编辑:高宗影 CN060
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