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印度的野心:欲把印度洋打造成内湖,吞并周边国家

2017-08-09 15:25:45   瞭望智库

克什米尔位于亚洲中心位置,具有极为重要的战略地位,是当时苏联、中国、印度、巴基斯坦和阿富汗等国的利益交汇点;同时又地处高原,能够瞰制中亚国家,尼赫鲁将其比喻为“亚洲的心脏”。在地缘战略中,克什米尔取代阿富汗的地位而迅速凸显出来。

印巴分治仅2个月后的1947年10月下旬,印巴之间就因克什米尔领土归属问题,爆发了历时一年之久的第一次印巴战争。1949年7月27日,双方在卡拉奇签订了关于军事分界线的协定,印度控制克什米尔约五分之三的面积,即10.13万平方公里,第一次实现了对外领土扩张。

1971年11月21日至12月16日,印度政府利用当时东巴基斯坦(现孟加拉国)的动乱局势,在外部势力支持下向巴基斯坦发动了全面进攻并大获全胜。印度不仅肢解了巴基斯坦,在东部建立了孟加拉国,解除了东、西两线受敌的困境,还占领了巴控克什米尔地区约320平方公里的土地,同时以此震慑了南亚其他国家。

3,强并王公土邦,控制北部三国

英属印度时期,许多领土并没有由英国直接控制,而是名义上的独立土邦。土邦由王公、王侯和行政长官统治,土邦领主们必须接受英王的共主地位、承认英王为领地的最高统治者。独立前,印度全境存在着约600个大小不等、分裂割据的土邦国。

印度独立后,面对境内一些王公土邦的独立倾向,印度政府采取了坚定不妥协的态度,如面积相当于法国的大土邦海德拉巴宣布独立后,尼赫鲁立即派出两个师的军队进行制止干预。强硬举措之下,绝大多数土邦被迫加入印度。印度政府又先后通过归并、改组以及对土邦王公实行赎买政策,最终消灭了土邦。

19世纪,英国殖民者曾先后于1816年、1865年和1890年实现对尼泊尔、不丹、锡金的控制。第一次世界大战前后,英国国势渐微,不丹、尼泊尔分别于1907年和1923年独立建国,锡金名义上仍是一个独立国家。

印度独立后,在“内圆”思想影响下,印度统治者加快了对北部三国的控制。1947年,与锡金订立《维持现状协定》,并于当年6月派兵进驻锡金;1950年12月签订《印锡和平条约》,锡金正式成为印度的“保护国”;1975年,印度军队解散锡金国王的宫廷卫队,废黜国王,并操控全民投票,使锡金成为印度的一个邦,成功扩张了0.71万平方公里的领土,并将中锡边界变为事实上的中印边界。

最近,印军首次越过锡金段边界,制造了被印度媒体炒作的“洞朗对峙”事件。中国外交部发言人耿爽指出,锡金段边界是目前中印间唯一一段已经划定的边界。这段边界已由《中英会议藏印条约》正式划定,中印两国政府均承认条约的有效性。

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