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杂论中国传统节日的精神

2016-08-04 15:53:51   中国文明网

勤劳勇敢、刚健有为的自强精神。中华民族是一个勤劳勇敢的民族,具有刚健有为、自强不息的进取精神,这种民族特性和民族精神一直是中华民族奋发向上、蓬勃发展的动力,它体现在人们生活的各个方面,在节庆文化中也有突出的显现。中国传统节日是人们展示勤劳智慧、聪明才艺的最佳时机。元宵节的灯会展示着各种奇思妙想和精湛的手艺。庙会上百戏杂陈、百艺斗胜,使人目不暇接。文人可以联句咏诗,村女也可以当场对歌,刘三姐不输于酸秀才。灯谜竞猜,让人绞尽脑汁。窗花剪纸,生动传神。小女儿斗草,比的是植物知识。秋千起伏,风筝入云,孔明灯升天,荷花灯入水,各有胜场。七夕的乞巧,更是以巧手姑娘为美的诉求。这些多姿多彩的节庆民俗事象,充分反映了华夏子孙刚健有为、自尊自强的进取精神,正是这种精神使中华民族不屈不挠、开拓进取、勇往直前。

弘扬正义、忧国忧民的爱国情怀。中华民族是个重理智的民族,在漫长的历史发展中,形成了坚持正义的民族气节和忧国忧民的博大情怀。中国传统节日中,有不少节日是与民族气节和爱国传统相关联的,尤以清明节和端午节为代表。清明节中融入的寒食节,其起源是为了纪念传说中的晋国忠臣介子推。介子推居功不取,隐居绵山,宁被烧死,用自己的生命为代价,为民请命,谏言君王自修自省,勤政清明。人们把介子推蒙难的日子定为寒食节,每年此日禁忌烟火,只吃寒食,以示纪念。过寒食节的同时,人们也世世代代赞美与弘扬着介子推的刚正气节。端午节是为了纪念伟大的爱国诗人屈原。他上下求索,为的是精忠报国,却屡遭陷害以至含冤而死。民间为了凭吊屈原,形成了端午节赛龙舟、吃粽子的节俗。屈原忧国忧民的爱国精神通过端午节这一载体,在年复一年、周而复始的节庆活动中,不断地得以发扬光大。

贵和尚美、团结和睦的心理追求。“和”即和谐、统一,“美”即美好、团圆,贵和尚美、团结和睦是我国传统文化的基本精神之一。中国传统节日蕴含着丰富的和谐理念,节日的源起便是先人将自然时间进程与社会生活节律有机结合的产物,体现着“天人合一”的理念;节日中的各项娱乐活动、人际交往、饮食安排等都体现着人与自然的和谐、人与社会的和谐、人与人的和谐。除夕之夜,阖家团圆,一家人聚在一起和面包饺子,和面的“和”与“合”谐音,而圆圆的饺子皮则象征着团圆。春节里的“拜年”活动,使亲朋邻里之间,消除了隔阂,增进了团结,可谓“一声恭喜,互泯恩仇”。元宵节,全家围坐在一起吃汤圆,又表达了人们希望生活团团圆圆、和谐美满的愿望。七夕节,牛郎织女的凄美传说,将中国人天长地久的爱情演绎得如此唯美和浪漫。中秋节,团圆团聚、家国和谐,是中华民族永恒的憧憬与追求。九九重阳,登高吃糕,寄托着人们健康长寿、实现人生境界步步高的美好愿望。

正是由于中国传统节日有着如此深厚的民族精神的蕴含,所以,其传承民族血脉、提升民族精神的价值,强化民族文化记忆、心理认同的价值,维系民族团结、社会和谐、家庭和睦的价值,激发与释放情感、协调人与自然关系的价值,是任何文化形式都难以替代的。

在建设社会主义和谐社会的今天,我们应该重视运用传统节日弘扬民族文化,使优秀的民族精神发扬光大,并与时俱进地发展传统节日文化,使传统节日成为当代民众由衷喜爱、自觉参与、乐在其中的精神家园。(李荣启)

责任编辑:李皓 CN002
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