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小记跑两会:高冷领域重量人物齐聚两会 他们说了啥

2016-03-11 15:08:09   第一资讯

探月“是大家的事儿”

探月工程三期总设计师胡浩代表认为,探月工程是国家的事儿,也是大家的事儿

探月工程之复杂,远不止是民众熟悉的发射场、火箭、月球车。“绕、落、回”三步的背后是动力、材料、测控、遥感无数新技术的集合。说航天“高精尖”甚至是“高冷”,共识者绝对不少。

然而,在全国人大代表、探月工程三期总设计师胡浩的眼里,航天却绝不是“高处不胜寒”,在他看来,“我们做工程不能做成自己的事儿,这是国家的事儿,也是大家的事儿!”

月球之遥远、火箭之精密,怎么就成了大家的事儿?胡浩举例说,去年底嫦娥五号的合练任务,火箭从天津出发到海南,整个过程很多人帮忙,尤其是护路的警察。“我们突出的感受就是,不管去哪个单位,炼钢厂、元器件配套厂、电缆电线厂等等,大家都很支持;去的企业、政府部门都很支持。没有各方面支持,大系统就没有办法做。”

在胡浩看来,航天是梦想、是挑战,是科技;探月工程的意义也在于“凝结一大批新技术和新成果,是一个大的前沿科技的集合”,将作用于更广阔的国民经济领域。从尿不湿到钛合金眼镜架,航天成果的转化便捷着百姓生活。

中国探月工程总体计划分为“绕、落、回”三个步骤。“前两步”绕月探测和月面软着陆巡视勘察任务已实施。正在进行的“第三步”,主要任务就是嫦娥五号探测器在月球表面采集土壤或岩石样本并返回地球。胡浩透露,目前探月工程三期的“地面”工作都已完成,进入正品生产阶段,今年要完成长征五号运载火箭首飞、嫦娥五号总装测试和测控网建成三大主要任务。

全国人大代表、探月工程三期总设计师胡浩面对媒体记者,生动介绍嫦娥五号的最新情况

与嫦娥一号和三号探测器相比,嫦娥五号探测器要完成更为复杂的取样返回任务,其中涉及采集样品如何放置、如何在月球上发射火箭等诸多技术难题。胡浩表示,这些新问题的技术验证已经得到突破和解决,“涉及探测器的特别新的东西:一个是月表采样封装系统,包括样品如何采、如何转移、如何封装,需要很好的技术途径来实现;另外月球表面返回,很多新的东西,地面发射火箭很复杂的系统,天上需要考虑周全。月球轨道交会对接,月球远,探测器小,远距离小目标对接很大程度靠自己,很多技术问题需要解决。样品转移,样品从上升器转移,空中转移到返回器里面,这都是比较复杂。从目前来看我们顺利地转入到正样阶段,就说明前期作为技术验证和技术突破的已经得到了解决。”

随着探月工程的不断推进,着陆、返回、交会对接、对月球考察等技术已经顺利实施。中国百姓普遍关注三期工程之后是否会开展载人登月?对此,胡浩认为,这是涉及国家整体系统安排的大事,何时实施应该由国家决策来定;不过,他本人希望越早实施越好。胡浩也坦言,要想实现载人登月,中国还需攻克一些技术难题。

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