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海外治堵 基本靠“狗”?

2016-05-24 17:03:51   中华网

为了治堵,似乎已经使尽浑身解数。错峰、限牌、摇号、单双限行、拆围墙……探客始终觉得,以后还会有意想不到的规定出台。据媒体报道,北京每年因交通拥堵导致的人均成本超过7972元。在高峰期开车每分钟仅能挪333米。广州和深圳分别以7799元和7253元位居二三位。拥堵损失是根据城市平均时薪、拥堵延时、通勤次数等数据计算得出的。看到这个数据,是不是觉得触目惊心?所以在地方两会和全国两会上都在讨论这个问题也不足为奇。

2015年底,北京市交通委称2016年将研究试点征收拥堵费,并针对小客车、机动车实施更加严格的限行措施。事实上,解决交通拥堵是一个综合性的体系工程。限行限购收费下道行政命令即可,最简单,但操作难度也很大。探客带您看看海外是怎么做的。

放眼全球,拥堵费在英国、意大利、新加坡等汽车多、交通拥堵的国家已经实行了多年。即便具备充分的条件和理由,实施起来也各有成败得失。

新加坡最早征收交通拥堵费。早在1975年,新加坡就开始在市中心6平方公里的控制区域征收“交通拥堵费”,1998年开始实行公路电子收费系统。新加坡除了自行车以外的所有车辆,都必须安装与车牌号唯一对应的读卡器。手掌大小的仪器,可以插入现金储值卡。当经过电子收费系统时,司机无需停车,收费器就可以自动扫描扣费。如果储值卡中余额不足,车主将会在两周内收到罚款单,除补交拥堵费外,还要交10新元罚款。如果一月内都未交罚款,就有可能面临最高1000新元或拘禁一个月的处罚。交通管理局会根据车流量调整收费标准,每车次收费多为0.5元至3元新币,具体标准公布在网上。征收拥堵费一直面临争议,但也确实改善了交通,高峰路段车辆减少了25000辆,平均车速提升近20%。而且这些年来,新加坡政府也一直在加大路网建设力度。

在英国,伦敦除了大力发展公共交通外,2003年开始征收拥堵费,划定区域约为20平方公里。收费区内设置了大约800个摄像头,专门识别车牌号。根据规定,周一到周五早7点到晚6点半之间,驾车进入这一地区的司机每天必须缴纳10英镑(约合100元人民币)拥堵费。一段时间里,进入收费区的车辆减少了21%,相当于每天减少7万辆车,而在收费时间段乘坐公共汽车的人数上升了6%。然而,过去10年里拥堵费的价格翻了一番,但效果却在不断减弱。而且行政费用花掉了拥堵费收入的一大部分,用于改善公共交通系统的费用却被削减,呈现“越收越堵”的趋势。

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