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军舰事故折射美国维持霸权"力不从心"

2017-08-23 13:41:38   海外网

从美军这三次所谓的“自由航行”行动来看,其在南海的军事行动除了寻求增强在该地区军事存在外,还具有很强的实战操练和战术挑衅意味。而由于特朗普政府奉行的是务实高效原则,在所谓“航行自由”行动上赋予了美国军方更大的自由裁量权,这也使得美国军舰更加胆大妄为,多次置国际惯例和规则于不顾,严重破坏了地区安全和贸易航线现状,而商船对处理突发性事件往往经验不足,避让不及就很容易出现撞船事故,从而导致海上安全事故频频发生。

力不从心的尴尬境况

美国是当今世界海上力量最强大的国家,现有舰艇276艘,其中部署在全世界各地的舰艇有100艘,还有许多舰艇停泊在船坞内等待维护、升级或入役。但是,随着近年来美国对世界事务干涉力度的不断增强,这些舰船使得美国海军在全球执行任务时越来越力不从心。此次美海军在短短两个月就发生两起重大撞船事故,这种情况非常罕见,充分暴露了当前美国海军力量与维护霸权利益之间的差距,表明了其现有力量部署已经远远无法满足现实需求。

目前,美军负责西太平洋安全事务的主要是第七舰队,所承担的作战区域东起国际日期变更线,西至非洲东岸红海(不包括波斯湾),南达印度洋及南极,北至白令海峡,整个作战区域1.3468亿平方公里,比美国本土大14倍。而随着近期亚太地区热点的持续频发,第七舰队所承担的任务越来越多,已远远超出了其现有承受能力,单艘舰船既要执行岛礁抵近侦察,又要实施多边联合军演,还要进行跨区域调防,官兵的体力和精力都有很大消耗,因此很容易出现疲惫性事故。

此次在新加坡海域附近出事的“麦凯恩”号驱逐舰和6月17日与菲律宾货船相撞的“菲兹杰拉德”号驱逐舰都是来自于第七舰队第15驱逐舰中队,该中队拥有7艘驱逐舰,常年活跃在西太平洋海域。作为美第七舰队目前的主力防空驱逐舰和航母战斗群的重要组成力量,“麦凯恩”号和“菲兹杰拉德”号驱逐舰受损后,将大大削弱第七舰队的作战力量,这对于本来就捉襟见肘的第七舰队来说更是雪上加霜。

从未来发展来看,美国不会轻易放弃世界霸权,不会主动放弃亚太,更不会放弃在南海地区对中国崛起的遏制战略,而是最大限度地榨取战略、政治、舆论上的利益。为此,接下来美军在南海地区的部署强度非但不会减弱,而且还可能会进行更多的军事行动。在这种情况下,疲于奔波的美国海军很可能还会出现更多的撞船事故。而随着美国军舰碰撞他国商船事故的增多,势必会引起各国的不满,从而更加充分认识到其“航行自由”的虚伪面目和真实意图,即,美舰在南海实施的不是“航行自由”而是“横行自由”,所产生的后果不是“维护地区秩序”而是“破坏地区秩序”。

(方晓志,解放军国际关系学院国际战略研究所副主任)

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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