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美俄相互制裁升级 欧盟“很受伤”(图)

2017-07-31 14:52:19   海外网

据报道,美国制裁俄罗斯的法案如能成为现实,俄罗斯与欧盟之间的北溪2号天然气管道线项目(以下简称“北溪2号”)将受害匪浅。德国和多个欧盟成员国的能源安全会必然会受到很大的影响。正如容克所说,“美国第一”不能等同于欧盟的利益倒数第一。当然,欧盟内部在“北溪2号”上的立场也并非一致。例如,波兰欧洲事务部部长康拉德•希曼斯基曾说过,“北溪2号”犹如一匹“特洛伊木马”,可能会造成欧盟经济不稳定,并损害欧盟内部的政治关系。他甚至说:“以一些国家的安全和稳定为代价推动另一些国家的经济利益,绝非欧盟摆脱所处危机之道。这也不可能让大失所望的公民重拾对欧盟机构的信心。”

美国欧盟关系走向何方

欧盟与俄罗斯的关系,似乎已陷入一种“爱恨交加”的境地。一方面,欧盟非常“喜爱”俄罗斯的能源,因而有必要与俄罗斯发展关系;另一方面,对于俄罗斯在乌克兰危机中的表现(尤其是“吞并”克里米亚这一单方面改变乌克兰边境线的行为)心存芥蒂。是可忍孰不可忍。因此,欧盟与美国的分歧似乎不是要不要制裁俄罗斯,而是如何制裁。

容克主持的欧盟委员会例会认为,在制裁俄罗斯这个问题上,欧美双方在今年5月七国集团峰会上早就达成共识。会议认为,如果美国对俄罗斯的制裁不考虑欧盟的利益,欧盟将为捍卫自身的利益而采取单方面的行为。欧盟已通过外交渠道表达了欧盟在这个问题上的关切。

众所周知,美国与欧盟之间的跨大西洋关系经历了风风雨雨,早已成为最牢固的联盟。从联合国到世界银行和国际货币基金组织,从二十国集团到七国集团,美欧在许多问题上都是用一个声音说话的。但是,利益总是高于一切。如果美国对俄罗斯的制裁伤害了欧盟的利益,欧盟当然不会气忍声吞的。

这一次欧美在如何制裁俄罗斯问题上的分歧,再次表明,跨大西洋关系正在出现一些微妙的变化。今年5月,默克尔在与特朗普会谈后表示,“过去几天的经历(使我相信),我们完全依靠他人的时代正在离去。我们应该知道,我们欧洲人必须把自己的未来和自己的命运掌握在自己手中。”

但是,美欧这组跨大西洋关系的本质不会发生根本性的改变。而且,这一关系在可预见的将来会继续成为影响世界格局和大国关系走向的“风向标”。

(江时学,中国社会科学院欧洲研究所研究员、上海大学特聘教授,海外网特约评论员)

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