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主持人郭卫民:
我补充一句,我非常赞同刘副部长这样一个评论和介绍。我今年3月份也带领代表团到菲律宾进行了访问,参加了10+3新闻部长会议,在那边我也见到了菲律宾的一些官员和菲律宾的广大老百姓,我也深感到,其实中菲之间有着传统的友谊,而且有着发展友好合作关系的坚强基础,现在每年也有大量的中国游客到菲律宾旅游,菲律宾人民对中国人也怀有友好的感情。但是目前的状况,这个仲裁案完全是阿基诺三世政府,实际上是在一小部分政治势力和一些国家的操纵之下所做的事,背信弃义,完全不顾中菲关系的大局,做出的一个错误的决策,也遭到了菲律宾很多官员和老百姓的反对。我们在接触的时候,他们对阿基诺政府就是持一种非常不满、非常批评的态度,他们也希望中菲加强友好合作。所以刚才刘副部长说了,我们也非常希望菲律宾的新政府能够顾全大局,来推动中菲友好关系的发展。我想,我们相向而行。继续提问。
新华社记者:
请问刘副部长,我们知道中国于2006年就依据《联合国海洋法公约》做出过排除性声明,但是却被仲裁庭判定是不影响它的管辖权,请问对其他同样做出过类似的排除性声明的国家,这会有什么样的影响?
刘振民:
1982年以前,谈判公约当中,我们的前辈还是很有智慧的,制定了这样一个条款,允许缔约国在批准和加入公约的时候,依据第298条能够做出一个声明,把海洋划界、军事活动等问题排除在强制解决争端程序之外。为什么呢?因为这个公约的目标是为了保持一个稳定的国际海洋秩序。那么稳定的国际海洋秩序怎么维持呢?因为国际法上不承认国际警察,不像国内,国内是有立法机构、执法机构、政府机构,国际法上不承认国际警察,国际法、海洋法是靠各国之间的相互尊重、相互协议来解决的,就形成一个传统,海洋划界争议要靠当事国之间共同的合意来解决。所以第298条允许把划界争议、军事活动、执法活动排除在强制解决争端之外,就是出于维护稳定的国际海洋秩序的需要,出于维护稳定的国家关系的需要,这是国际现实的需要,也是国际法的需要。
公约1994年生效以来,做出这个声明的有30多个国家,包括了安理会常任理事国当中除了美国之外的其他四个国家,即俄罗斯、法国、英国、中国都做出这个声明了,美国到现在还没有加入公约,美国是在公约之外指手划脚,让我们缔约国遵守公约,他自己不加入。
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