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南海诸岛主权归中国 历史事实无可争辩

2016-07-08 15:11:18   

1946年7月菲律宾建国之初便觊觎南沙群岛。1946年9月11日菲律宾外长季里诺致函盟军统帅麦克阿瑟,提出由菲律宾兼并南沙群岛的无理要求。麦克阿瑟对此未予回应,由于没有得到美国的支持,菲律宾未敢轻举妄动。

1954年6月马尼拉一家私立海事学校校长托马斯·克洛马宣称,在巴拉望群岛以西的南海发现一群“无主以及无人居住的荒岛”,并将该地命名为“自由地”。1956年5月24日菲律宾外交部法律司邀集政府有关机关代表开会,在听取克洛马的陈述后,当场确定克洛马所主张的“自由地”各岛屿在菲律宾领土之外。然而就是这样一个闹剧,竟然成为菲律宾日后提出主权要求的所谓依据。

1972年4月菲律宾政府将克洛马所称的“自由地”定名为“卡拉延群岛”,划归巴拉望省管辖。1978年6月11日菲律宾总统马科斯签署了第1596号总统令,重新划定“卡拉延群岛”区域,中国南沙群岛的大部分岛礁,都被纳入该法令公布的“卡拉延”区域的地理坐标内。1987年11月,菲律宾议会重新划定其海域,将南沙群岛中大约60个大小岛礁非法划入菲律宾版图内。

南沙群岛在历史上早已成为中国固有领土,绝非什么“无主地”。克洛马在南沙所谓“发现”新岛礁的行为,不仅为当时的菲律宾政府所否定,而且从未得到国际社会承认。因此,菲律宾设立的所谓“卡拉延群岛”在事实上是荒诞的、在法理上是荒谬的。

菲律宾为了使其侵占中国南沙岛礁的行为合法化,还提出了所谓“安全原则”“地理邻近原则”。事实上,在国际社会根本不存在根据距离远近或者军事、经济和安全等因素决定领土主权归属的国际法规则,“安全”和“邻近”不仅从来不是国际法认同的领土取得方式,而且完全有悖于国际准则。因此,以“安全原则”“地理邻近原则”主张拥有南沙岛礁领土主权,于理不通,于法不容。

自上世纪70年代以来,菲律宾长期非法侵占中国南沙岛礁并大搞建设。特别是在1995年3月菲律宾海军炸毁中国在五方礁、仙娥礁、信义礁、半月礁和仁爱礁等南沙岛礁上设立的测量标志,突袭停靠在半月礁附近的4艘中国渔船,扣留船上62名渔民。此后数年间,菲律宾多次驱逐、逮捕甚至枪击在黄岩岛海域正常作业、正常航行的中国渔民。1999年5月9日菲律宾方面借口技术故障,其57号登陆舰“马德雷山号”突然“搁浅”仁爱礁,菲方置中方严正交涉于不顾,非法坐滩至今已达17年。2012年菲律宾军警非法登临在黄岩岛附近海域作业的中国渔船,制造了“黄岩岛事件”。菲律宾罔顾事实,不断侵犯中国在南海的主权和相关权利,肆意侵害中国渔民的生命财产安全,在危及地区和平稳定、危及中菲双边关系的路上越走越远。

大量历史事实表明,中国拥有南海诸岛主权是基于中国人民世世代代最早发现、最早命名、最早开发利用和经营以及历代中国政府对南海诸岛连续不断的行政管辖的基础上而确立的。中国拥有南海诸岛及其附近海域主权和相关权利的历史事实是确凿的,历史脉络是清晰的,历史依据是充分的,历史地位是合法的。中国始终是南海诸岛真正唯一的主人。菲律宾对南沙、黄岩岛的所谓主权要求,无史可据,无法可依,丝毫撼动不了中国在南海的主权地位。(作者为中国社会科学院中国边疆研究所研究员)

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