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新华社九问南海仲裁案:不承认结果是否违反国际法?

2016-05-15 13:47:14   澎湃新闻网

中国国际法学会副会长、中国海洋学会副理事长张海文说,随着美国推进“重返亚太”战略,南海问题逐渐升温。美方公开声称,南海岛屿领土争议事关美国国家利益。在这个背景下,南海仲裁案绝不能简单地放在国际法框架下分析。

六问:不参与是否意味着不作为? 

不接受、不参与菲律宾所提南海仲裁案,并不代表中方在此问题上无所作为。实际上,从菲律宾单方面提起仲裁案起,中国就通过多个途径、采取多种手段维护自身合法权益。

2014年12月7日,中国政府发表关于菲律宾所提南海仲裁案管辖权问题的立场文件。清华大学法学院副教授张新军表示,这一立场文件是中国政府标志性的“有所作为”。

此外,2015年10月,仲裁庭就管辖权和可受理性作出裁决之后,中国外交部发表声明,指出裁决无效,对中方没有约束力,并阐述了五点法理依据。

中方还通过其他多种渠道向国际社会宣介自身立场。外交部长、驻外大使、发言人等,在会见会谈、演讲、记者会等多个场合阐明中国立场,批驳菲方行径。

七问:不承认不执行裁决结果是否违反国际法? 

中国外交部多次表示,无论仲裁案最终结果如何,中方都不会接受和承认裁决,更不会执行裁决。中国不会同意任何国家以此裁决为基础与中方商谈南海问题,也不会接受任何国家、机构和个人以仲裁裁决为基础提出的一切诉求和主张。

多位国际法专家认为,菲律宾单方面提起仲裁违背国际法,仲裁庭缺失合法性、公正性,所谓中国不承认、不执行裁决结果违反国际法,“完全是贴标签”。

“由于仲裁庭一开始就不具有管辖权,所以无论裁决结果对中国有利还是不利,都不具备法律效力,自然也就谈不上执行问题。”马呈元说。

外交部边海司司长欧阳玉靖表示,判决还没有作出来,有人就迫不及待地跳出来要中国遵守、执行裁决结果。“这些人究竟要中国执行什么样的结果?如果是要用这个裁决来限制中国在南海的主权主张或者主权行动,那岂不正好证明了仲裁庭是在越权裁判?这个裁决又怎么可能是个有效的裁决?”

八问:不利裁决是否意味着丧失南海权益? 

国际法专家表示,这种情况只有裁决得到执行才会出现,但中国在仲裁案问题上的立场是不接受、不执行,且仲裁庭没有相关执行机构,因此仲裁结果不会影响中方维护南海权益。

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