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A股双节后全线飘红 锂电企业利润大缩水

2017-10-13 07:12:53   

锂电企业利润缩水产能过剩敲响警钟

历经资本疯狂涌入的短暂繁荣后,锂电行业潜藏的隐忧浮现。“电池厂现在实际上是腹背受敌。”中国电池联盟秘书长王超表示,“很多动力电池企业经营数据上很漂亮,但是实际收益上差距很大。从企业角度来讲,真正拿到手里的钱,并没有像数据显示的那样光鲜。他们现在都很紧张,日子不是很好过。”2017年上半年,包括多氟多、国轩高科、比亚迪在内的多家动力电池企业的利润有所下滑,背后除了新能源补贴政策以及产品提标改造带来的影响外,新能源领域低端产能过剩、高端供给不足等问题也开始显现。在新能源汽车行业繁荣景象的背后,却是动力电池企业业绩的集体缩水。2017年中报显示,国轩高科利润下降16.6%,毛利率下降12.43%;多氟多利润下降39.69%,毛利率下降21.41%;比亚迪利润下降23.75%,毛利率下降2.69%;成飞集成也因为子公司中航锂电的利润下滑,导致其利润下降94.14%。

中国企业的优势是什么?有人总结,无论多么高科技含量的产品,到中国都能做出“白菜价”,最后打的外国竞争者“满地找牙”,不得不退出中国市场。如果算是经验的话,至少有两点可以总结,一是中国企业善于模仿,乐于“一拥而上”,只要沾上热门领域,地方政府、各类投资者大举进入,短时间就能形成巨大的生产能力;二是擅于打价格战,一种产品上市,不用多久,价格战就开打,直打得赔本赚吆喝为止。前者的好处是迅速扩大产能,坏处是往往与“一哄而散”相伴相生;而后者,好处是市场份额急剧扩大,坏处是可持续发展能力不足,经济效益显著下降。如何扬长避短,如何快速发展又不失去效益,如何有序竞争,这还真得好好向市场学习,好好向发达市场经济国家学习。

国家电投重组引发关注央企混改步伐快动作大

据媒体报道,经过两年多的沉淀,国家电力投资集团公司(国家电投),已经走在了电力企业结构调整和体制改革的前列。下一步,国家电投将加快改制上市和混改步伐,尤其是加大市场化经营机制改革力度。数据统计显示,重组后的国家电投,2016年度实现净利润居五大发电集团首位,2017年上半年实现利润、净利润双双居五大发电集团首位。在五大发电集团中率先完成国际信用评级,三大国际信用评级机构均授予A类评级。为了优化集团管控体系和治理结构,国家电投首先从指定“权力清单”入手探索,理清总部和二级单位权责界面。一名国家电投人士认为,针对传统发电企业偏生产运营管控,管得过多过细,难以适应电力市场化改革的情况,以制定总部权力清单为主线,推进新集团管控体系建设。

国家电投是有关国计民生的重要央企,市场对此寄予厚望。重组前,国家核电有先进技术,中电投集团有资金和项目,但是两家企业都有短板,正好通过重组来弥补。两家企业重组实际上是国家用最快捷、最经济的方式,打通了三代核电自主化技术路线产业链,实现了技术与资本、市场的直接对接,提升了技术可持续创新和产业化应用的能力,避免了企业之间重复投入;同时优化了核电产业格局,促成了各有侧重、优势互补、适度竞争的产业结构。站在市场角度,我们不希望看到简单的“合并同类项”,而是1+1大于2的效果;我们不希望看到仅仅是两个“单位”的部门重置,而是通过资本市场的洗礼,达到现代企业高效运营的目标。

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