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坐实新能源汽车第一把交椅 安凯客车须跨过三道坎

2017-10-12 18:52:54   

放眼未来,坐实第一把交椅三大隐忧不能忽视

隐忧一:在新能源客车市场占有率低

根据2016年中国客车企业新能源客车销量数据显示,安凯客车在2016年全年销售新能源客车4950辆,市场占有率为4.2%,排名第8,与排名第一的宇通客车22.8%的市场占有率有较大差距,但是步入2017年后,安凯客车市场占有率直接按下了下行键,根据已披露的2017年2—8月新能源客车销售数据显示,安凯客车月占有率最高为3月的8.01%(见图一),2017年其他月份的市场占有率均低于2016年的年市场占有率,市场占有率排名在2017年4月开始下滑,由第8名下滑至第9名和第10名,在6月和8月更是排在10名开外。反观宇通客车,在2017年所有的月份市场占有率都在15%以上,大多月份的市场占有率都超过了20%,市场占有率排名也名列前茅,6月以来新能源客车的市场占有率都稳居第1,相比之下,安凯客车市场占有率则相形见绌。

隐忧二:非经常性损益大大影响净利润经营性现金流有大漏洞

根据安凯客车披露的2014年、2015年、2016年全年和2017年中期的财务报告,公司在净利润和应收账款方面存在严重的问题。公司在2014年—2016年都实现盈利,盈利金额分别为2400万元、4000万元和5100万元,但是扣除非经常性损益后,公司在2014和2016年度都以亏损结尾,分别亏损2723万和741万,2015年扣除非经常性损益后的净利润数额虽然为正,但是与3352万元的非经常性损益相比,数额较小,更不用说2014年和2016年5123万元和5841万元的非经常性损益了,在2017年上半年公司本身亏损的情况下,扣除非经常性损益后的净利润更低。不仅如此,在2014年至2016年公司净利润逐年增加的情况下,经营活动产生的现金流净额缺逐年减少,分别为1.27亿元、-2900万元和-12.56亿元,不仅跟不上净利润增长的节奏,中间差额也在逐年增加。安凯客车能否具备通过日常经营活动的盈利而不是用非经常性损益来粉饰业绩的能力,将是公司新能源客车业务未来发展的一个重要里程碑。

隐忧三:过度依赖政府补贴嫌疑

据不完全统计,我国主要几家新能源客车生产厂商均收到了2016年国家新能源汽车推广补贴,其中中通客车、宇通客车和江淮汽车(系安凯客车母公司)三家收到的补贴金额最多,分别为7.16亿元、6.81亿元和6.71亿元,随后是金龙汽车、安凯客车和亚星客车,分别收到1.29亿元、1.24亿元和6813万元。虽然安凯客车在收到补贴绝对数量方面并不是最高的,但是与当年公司的盈利规模相比,安凯客车的补贴比例竟高达240.81%,远高于其他各公司。政府补贴比例过高,过度依赖政府补贴的嫌疑不可谓不大。

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