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中小银行畅论差异化风险管理:以资管为基础 建三防线

2017-09-29 07:27:52   

在风险管理的具体操作层面,翟立宏称,首先必须在整体战略层面上把握,如果不从整体战略层面上把握,谈风险管理可能有失偏颇;第二,如果银行从防范风险的角度上,有意识增加资产管理业务等更宽泛业务,就必须关注在银行理财市场和大资管领域,有没有一些特有的风险因素需要关注,落到具体的话题上,不是转到资产业务、理财业务就没有风险了,在整个的资产管理市场上,中国现在新兴理财市场的发展应该已经进入到第二个阶段,我们把它命名为资产管理时代。翟立宏表示,大概从2012年、2013年开始,大资管的发展过程中,出现了一些缺乏统一规则、缺乏持续的供给能力等问题。

针对以上问题,翟立宏表示首先要满足完整性,提供统一的信息、统一的产品、统一的资讯;其次考虑差异性,要考虑不同资管机构的特征,考虑不同资管机构客户群体的差异,资产配置的特色;最后要考虑统一与差异相结合的全貌基础上的差异化经营与风险管理。

建立防风险“三道防线”

在中小银行业内,又是如何进行风险管理的呢?对浙江泰隆银行而言,防范信用风险是重中之重。马敬春表示,做信贷工厂、信贷审批、审贷分离,大银行没有问题,小银行却要打一个问号,信息传到一线审批,失真程度不知道怎么样。对于面对小微客户的中小银行来说,马敬春认为要满足小微客户的需求,有一个很重要的要素,即对一线人员充分授权,由于充分授权,导致了信用风险,衍生出了操作和道德风险。

马敬春还表示,客户集中度不高,客户比较分散,信用风险比较高,单个个体的违约风险比较高,由于你的业务流程决定着操作和道德风险比较高,但如果没有充分授权的流程干不下去,集中审批,你看不清楚客户是什么样,我们做审批的时候,说白了就是盲人摸象。

在风险管理上,马敬春称浙江泰隆银行采取了一系列措施,其中包括浙江泰隆银行的社区化、通过对客户基于“三品三表、两有一无”进行评价、对客户进行充分授权、非现场监测系统、对客户进行高频的贷款检查,对于浙江泰隆银行的客户经理和所有的股权人,银行对其从文化建设、合规建设还是激励和约束等各个方面控制操作和道德风险。

对于风险管理,王海军表示近几年,防范风险提到日程,并将其放在首位。在具体措施方面,王海军表示首先邢台农商行成立了风险委员会这第一道防线;其次,合规部和风险委员会构成第二道防线;而审计委员会和稽核监察部成立了第三道防线,对员工加强风险合规文化意识的培训,对各项业务进行流程梳理。

无独有偶,昆山农商行也建立起三道防线。刘海表示昆山农商行在风险管理的战略规划方面做得比较早,规划了三到五年的风险控制体系,包括风险控制工具,明确了未来发展的方向,在组织架构方面,一是三道防线的建立,首席风险官和首席信息官,包括风险总监直接下派到支行,从总行直接派驻人员、派驻团队;其次信贷的事情全国集中,分级授权,金融市场部的整个投资也集中总行进行审批;最后在风险控制工具方面,昆山农商行也投入了大量的产业,依托苏南农商行开发了一个项目,去年年底投入运营,对于流动性风险、市场风险,建立了70多个风险控制的工具,能覆盖的风险都全面覆盖。

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