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滴滴程维:三十年后 市内交通将交给无人驾驶的飞行器

2017-09-27 11:32:53   

过去20年,大城市的机动车每年增加20%,但道路的增加只有1%,供需这么大的差异,一定导致拥堵。所以要发展共享汽车,大家按需使用,不需要使用的时候不必拥有。汽车白天在城市里面服务,晚上统一停到郊区去充电,城市里面大量的停车场可以变成绿地和学校。在那些人口超密集、道路资源更紧张、公共交通相对更不发达的城市,共享汽车将更快变成现实,比如说中国的很多城市,比如说巴西。而日本和欧洲许多城市倒是会慢一些。

第二个大趋势是新能源,3-5年之内新能源汽车的综合使用数量会超过传统燃油汽车。全世界都在制定计划,到十几、二十年后就不再允许销售燃油汽车、不允许再开传统燃油汽车。过去我们在全世界开采石油煤炭,运输到各个地方,将来我们会建设几个超大的,基于风力或者太阳能的新能源发电中心,通过特高压网络给全球输送廉价能源,大多数地方不需要再建发电厂。过去一两百年,对化石能源尤其是石油的争夺塑造了当今世界和城市的形态,这会被新能源的世界规则所改变。全国100万座加油站,将来可能会变成30万座充电站。

第三个就是无人驾驶和智能时代。汽车可能是人类历史上第一代大规模应用的人工智能机器人。

人这种动物并不很适合开车,人类的可靠视距大概只有两三百米,但是激光雷达可以看到更远。人类只能看到前面180°的视角,看不到后面有车追尾,机器可以环顾360°。人类只能靠个体学习积累驾驶经验,用公里数换经验,但是机器可以100万辆车共享一个大脑,去学习沉淀经验。人类开车走复杂路段,是靠自己的经验扭方向盘,但是机器可以学习舒马赫怎样精准过弯。人类操纵汽车是靠手感,是靠脚踩下去的感觉,机器人可以精确到毫米、微米,去控制机械。机器也不会疲劳驾驶、酒驾。

所以,我相信用不了多久机器驾驶的综合安全性会比人类高一个量级。高一个数量级意味着什么呢?每年有30万人死于交通事故,未来可能有27万人因为(机器的)安全驾驶而被拯救下来。当然,机器人驾驶也会有一系列新的问题,比如说很多新的伦理、交通规则。但是如果最终能够拯救27万人的生命,我觉得(转变)没什么可犹豫的。

无人驾驶是汽车的操作系统。从手机和pc的经验看,全世界最后只会留下两套主流操作系统,Windows、Linux;iOS、安卓。滴滴希望自己参与的操作系统能走到最后。

观察者网:您提到汽车将是人类历史上第一种AI机器人。您有没有考虑过由滴滴直接去改造汽车?眼下我们或许还不能一步跨越到真正的AI机器人,但滴滴有没有兴趣自己去造一辆明显超出现在汽车水平的车,或者说您希望刚看到一辆什么样的车?

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