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六大瓶颈制约我国绿色金融落地

2017-09-23 06:57:00   中国经济网

三是标准间缺少呼应,各类产品之间无法有效衔接。银监会的绿色信贷中节能环保项目及服务贷款统计口径包含12类贷款,而人行绿债目录将绿色项目分为6个大类、31个小类。在支持项目范围及分类方法上存在差异,部分可纳入绿色债券投资范围的项目不属于绿色信贷;反之亦然。

绿色信贷与绿色债券标准之间的不统一,导致银行机构的绿色信贷资产无法直接对应到绿色债券发行所需的绿色资产池,需重新对基础资产进行梳理和认定,增加了业务管理的难度和成本。

四是绿色项目标准仍有完善空间。以人行《绿色债券支持项目目录》来说,绿色项目的分类存在互相交叉的现象。另一个会让市场产生困惑的问题在于目录类别的划分依据,还是前文提到的生物质发电和供热,生物质发电、供热属于生物质能利用的两种方式,而从产业划分角度看,生物质能利用属于可再生能源利用的范畴,这点从国家能源局印发的《可再生能源生源发展“十三五”规划》将加快发展生物质能利用同推动太阳能、风电、水电等清洁能源开发利用并列作为“十三五”时期的主要任务便可印证。而目录中清洁能源类别中包括了风电、光伏发电、水力发电等项目,却没有将生物质能利用单独放入其中。

另外,清洁能源类项目单独设立了分布式能源这个子类,而分布式能源只是能源的一种利用方式,其一次能源可以是气体燃料(天然气、生物燃气、煤制气等),也可以是可再生能源(风电、光伏),但目录分类是将分布式能源同风力发电、光伏发电、水利发电等并列放入了清洁能源类别。

二、绿色认证和评级制度

不完善

绿色认证和评级制度是保障绿色金融公信力的关键。特别是对于吸引投资者来说,绿色认证是投资人识别绿色项目和绿色发行人的重要途径。而目前我国在绿色认证和评级制度上存在以下两个主要问题:

一是绿色认证和评级缺乏官方指引和标准。七部委《指导意见》提出“研究探索绿色债券第三方评估和评级标准。规范第三方认证机构对绿色债券评估的质量要求。”在这方面,我国目前仍停留在民间机构和企业自发探索的层面,各机构认证标准、方法学均自成体系且不尽相同。

二是对绿色认证机构尚无明确监管规范。目前,《指导意见》提出的对第三方认证机构的规范和管理尚未出台具体的规定,对于认证机构的资质、从业人员资质、认证标准及流程,认证质量管理等均无具体要求。

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