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央广《王冠红人馆》财经报告:法国多地爆发“大罢工”游行,马克龙能否从容应对?
马克龙为何不惜受到指责,也要强推改革?
法国一向重视劳工权益的保障,因此要对劳动法进行大刀阔斧的改革显然存在难度。2016年奥朗德推行有关改革曾引发全国性罢工和抗议潮,甚至导致暴力冲突和人员伤亡。而萨科齐、希拉克也面临过同样问题。由此可见,无论是声势浩大的罢工还是前任们的"历史教训"都显示出改革的步履维艰。
马克龙此次的劳动法改革方案旨在赋予资方更多用工自主权,表现在可以灵活制定员工加班费、延长工作时长等方面,并且放宽了对中小企业在税收和社会责任义务方面的要求。而在很多企业员工看来,这项改革意味着福利削减、保障减少,这是他们不能接受的。在法国,只要是学徒,公司就不能开除他们,相应的待遇包括假期、工资一样都不能减少。而现如今,马克龙如此改革,显然会招致很多人的不满。
然而,从目前情况看,马克龙的改革决心十分坚定。他已通过议会授权,以行政命令代替法律推行改革。法国电视台评论,此次示威虽然声势浩大,但面对强势总统、总理与团结一致的议会,抗议恐怕也只能是街头口号了。
马克龙能拥有如此强烈的改革决心,主要与法国当前的经济形势有关。当前的法国明显存在"福利过高"的问题,使得劳动力市场日趋僵化、外商投资不断减少。正如中国人民大学让·莫内讲席教授、欧盟研究中心主任王义桅所说:"再不这样做,法国的经济竞争力不够,一定会出问题。改革如果不成功,勒庞过5年再上台风险还是存在。劳工改革是他生死存亡的一步,如果做得好,法国经济可能脱胎换骨。如果做不好,不仅是经济上会拖累,法德轴心也会失败,勒庞再次上台,欧洲会再次面临极右翼势力的威胁,脱欧的风险很高。这次改革对法国的经济、对欧洲的未来至关重要。"由此看来,此次改革势在必行。
工会诉求在于撤回法令
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