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已签订债转股框架协议约1500亿 钢铁业去杠杆有望加速

2017-09-18 07:46:41   中国经济网

“签订债转股协议的10家钢铁企业,大部分都是‘明股实债’,这实际上并没有让企业摆脱沉重的财务包袱。”冶金工业规划研究院院长李新创在论坛上表示。

统计显示,我国钢铁行业资产负债率从2008年突破60%后逐年攀升,在2017年3月达到近年最高点。钢铁企业特别是国有钢铁企业杠杆之重,和投资冲动有很大关系。2007年后,一些企业负责人对市场预期过于乐观,过于追求速度和规模,热衷上新项目、出新业绩;商业银行也愿意向钢铁企业贷款,导致企业债台高筑。

业内人士表示,加杠杆容易,去杠杆难。一方面,处置国有企业资产的过程如果不顺利,就会出现“旧账变新账”,对企业现在的负责人产生负面影响;另一方面,银行总是愿意规避不良贷款,而处置资产势必带来一定损失,因此银行积极配合国有企业去杠杆还需要做大量工作。

“真正有降杠杆效果的是‘增股还债’和‘增股投资’,其中增股还债效果最明显,这也是真正意义上的债转股。”李新创说,它由设立的基金对企业进行股权投资,权益资金进入后帮助企业偿还债务。在这种情况下,总资产不变,但股东权益增加,企业负债减少。值得注意的是这种模式含有回购条款,其实是“股权投资+看跌期权”的组合。

业内人士表示,在本轮债转股提出之初,钢铁行业无论是产品价格还是行业的整体盈利水平,都处于历史低谷水平。可见,相对于两年前的行业低谷,企业盈利状况的改善,将使得钢铁产业推进债转股的意愿下降。

去杠杆有望加速

“下一步将加快钢铁行业去杠杆,解决实际问题。如抓紧落实已签订的债转股框架协议,支持债转股实施机构多渠道筹资,出台《商业银行新设债转股实施机构管理办法》等文件。”上述相关负责人表示。

同时,他提出了七方面举措和建议,包括坚定推进去产能、深化国企改革、积极稳妥推进市场化法制化债转股、推进行业企业兼并重组、推进金融去杠杆等。

在此前召开的钢协会议上,中钢协秘书长刘振江曾透露,针对行业去杠杆进展缓慢等问题,该协会大半年来积极与相关主管部门和钢铁企业沟通座谈,目前已经取得了一些积极进展。早在今年3月,中钢协就提出,要经过3年-5年努力,使得行业平均负债率下降到60%以下。

据刘振江透露,针对钢铁企业集中反映的在债转股中遇到的“明股实债”、债务处置、信贷规模和贷款结构等问题,中钢协也向相关部委形成了专题报告。“协会对于去产能过程中债务处置相关问题的建议,已经得到有关部门的重视,目前正在收集典型案例。”

8月23日,国务院常务会议提出,将继续把国企降杠杆作为“去杠杆”的重中之重,做好降低央企负债率工作。会议还提出,未来将推动发展前景好、有转股意向的央企创新模式,加快推进债转股,“支持债转股实施机构多渠道筹资;鼓励国有资本投资、运营公司及有条件的央企基金采取各种市场化方式参与债转股”。

种种迹象显示,供给侧结构性改革中难度最大的去杠杆工作,将有望在今年下半年加快推进速度。

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