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看不见的生产力——无形资产

2017-09-15 20:26:51   中国经济网

但是,A股上市公司中,信息技术板块的无形资产占总资产平均比例竟然只有3.09%,甚至低于A股平均值。由于国内信息技术龙头企业腾讯、百度等公司均在香港或美国上市,A股市场的信息技术公司整体科技含量比较低。美国的高科技公司,无论是无形资产的绝对金额还是占总资产的比例都比较高,尤其是无形资产的构成,大多以专利、非专利技术等知识产权为主。

在A股,无形资产占总资产比例最高的信息技术公司是纳思达(002180.SZ)、晓程科技(300139.SZ)和乐视网(300104.SZ)。纳思达146亿元的无形资产中,真正的知识产权含量并不高,有62亿元为客户关系,以及36亿元的商标权。晓程科技40亿元的无形资产中,有34亿元为收购的加纳BXC公司的资产。乐视网69亿元的无形资产中,有51亿元为影视版权——当然,这些版权后来的下场众所周知。

无形资产为零的信息技术公司是生意宝(002095.SZ)和中电广通(600764.SH),很难想象没有专利技术、知识产权的科技公司是如何在市场上立足的。

从板块来看,医药、生物制造板块无形资产分行业最高,平均比例达5.02%。

占总资产比例最高的医药生物制造公司是启迪古汉(000590.SZ)、金河生物(002688.SZ)和济民制药(603222.SH)。原以为启迪古汉这样的医药公司会持有高端的医药专利技术,打开年报却发现1.7亿元的无形资产几乎全部是土地使用权。济民制药与启迪古汉类似,无形资产也是土地使用权为主。不过,金河生物7.2亿元的无形资产中,60%以上为行业领先的生物制药研发和生产技术,其年报介绍:这家主营为兽药的公司高度重视研发,拥有自治区级的研发中心、博士后工作站,为充分吸引高端人才,在北京建立有现代生物学实验室。与中国农大、华中农大等知名高校、科研院所、行业企业签订了一系列技术合作研发和技术转让协议。并且该公司还收购了美国的一家兽用疫苗公司,将其16个已经通过美国农业部批准的产品纳入麾下。

通过上市公司无形资产的统计数据分析,可以看出当前高科技企业的资产结构仍然没有摆脱传统经济的特征。这并不符合知识经济时代的特点,我国的产业转型还有很长的路程要走。

投资者如何选择

在了解了上市公司无形资产的现状后,投资者可以根据自己的投资兴趣进行筛选。当前环境下,具有成长性的中小板企业是散户投资者们比较追捧的。在选择这类股票时,不要被其华丽的名称(如做化肥的某某智能、做房地产的某某高科、做烧碱的某某科技等)所迷惑,认真看一下年报里的无形资产,里面是足以支撑起未来业绩的领先行业的自主知识产权,还是土地使用权,抑或是这家公司压根就没有多少无形资产。

如今,中国的GDP总量已经成为全球第二,仅次于美国。中国产品的科技含量也在不断的提升,国家提倡企业转型,从“中国制造”到“中国创造”。而这个转型过程的引擎就是企业的创新能力,但是从投资方向来看,当前的经济增长更多的是通过固定资产投资拉动的,所以,在上市公司中,重资产的传统企业仍占大多数。

无形资产正是反映企业技术创新能力、市场竞争力和可持续发展能力变化与趋势的核心指标,上市公司的无形资产的相关数据说明了技术能力的欠缺。缺乏核心技术已经成为限制行业发展的瓶颈,提高技术创新能力,掌握自主知识产权是解决这一矛盾的唯一途径。

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