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金融骗局“生活化”更具诱惑力欺骗性

2017-09-13 07:26:23   中国经济网

防止“假金融”伤了“真创新”

业内人士呼吁,“互联网+传销+非法集资”的涉众型金融犯罪涉及的面广人多,经济损失不易追还,还容易出现投资人“抱团维权”。有关部门要加强横向联合打击、纵向规范指引,从立法层面彻底整治涉众型金融犯罪。

多位受访业内人士建议,公安、金融、工商等相关部门建立信息共享和联合打击机制,在鼓励创新之余加强金融监管,严防集资诈骗风险,净化市场环境。

一是关口前置,提高准入门槛。基层干部认为,非法集资如滚雪球,早期介入几乎不需要行政成本,越是介入晚,其涉众处理成本越高,建议加大打击非法集资跨部门协调力度,对广义类金融企业执行事前审批。

专门从事金融创新研究的中国人民大学法学院副院长杨东认为,近期,涉众型金融犯罪多发暴露了互联网金融行业的弊端。由于行业准入没有门槛,一些不法分子利用漏洞大搞非法活动。应尽快推动证券法的修订,明确界定哪些是真正的互联网金融创新。通过登记备案、信息披露等前置措施,制定“负面清单”,提高行业准入门槛。否则势必导致“劣币驱逐良币”,伤害政府公信力,使群众对互联网创新失去信心。

重庆银监局法规处处长何秋云建议,涉及资金业务的上下游企业,哪怕是广义的,还是应当事前审批,涉众以后处理成本很高。具体而言,对高管、资本金等应严加管理,不能在这些灰色地带让高杠杆无人约束,同时赋予银监部门从事非法银行业金融机构的调查权。

广东胜伦律师事务所律师郑明建议,监管部门要对新现象、新事物进行法律风险评估,防止盲目跟风,损害政府公信力。重庆市工商局建议,各级工商部门进一步加大对投融资咨询类公司的注册、经营、宣传等活动的事中事后监管工作力度。

二是横向联合打击,纵向规范指引。山东一名金融干部认为,目前监督管理存在缺位的问题。部分不法分子偷换概念,超范围经营,但在实际监管过程中比较难以发现,不能形成部门协同监管的合力。

黄冈市中级人民法院党组副书记、副院长倪贵武认为,司法行政部门目前都在打散拳,联合惩戒不力,联席会议也缺乏强有力的手段,“一年开一两次会,没有强硬的措施,解决不了关键问题。许多大案,实际上政府部门可以事先预知、事先防范的,工商、税务、商务、质检部门都可以知道其生产状况,对有风险的企业应提前向社会预警。同时,金融部门提前监测其大笔资金进入的异常状况,可以及时发现。”

杨东建议,横向上要充实监管力量,金融办与工商、公安、经信等部门联合监管,建立信息共享、联合行动机制,打击“互联网+传销”的涉众型金融犯罪;纵向上要建立互联网金融创新数据库体系,数据开放共享,及时引导行业协会、民间智库正确发声,让群众了解什么是真正的金融创新。

基层干部建议,理顺有关部门职责,从国家层面,进一步理顺有关部门的职能和责权,在现有的分头分责管理的同时,形成相互沟通、相互协调的机制。

三是立法整治多层级传销,防止涉众金融风险加剧。潍坊市公安局奎文分局经济侦查大队大队长夏洪海说:“相关司法解释规定,传销层级达到在30人以上且层级在三级以上的,应当对组织者、领导者追究刑事责任。国内不法分子规避法律,每个人发展到29人就停止了,总人数仍然很大,但警方受制于法律规定想打打不动。”他建议,从立法层面加大打击力度,可借鉴其他地区的经验,只要发展一人即可追究刑事责任,有效遏制传销活动。

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