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煤炭行业结构优化全面显现

2017-09-11 09:22:39   中国经济网

煤炭衍生品应用的国际化

“价格上涨,采购规模受限;价格下跌,销售规模受阻。价格上涨,采购成本增加;价格下跌,销售利润下降。贸易企业受原材料价格波动、国内外市场经济状况和国家产业政策调整风险的影响很大,所以企业要寻求期现结合的模式。”瑞茂通供应链管理股份有限公司副总裁曹诗雄认为。

据了解,瑞茂通供应链管理股份有限公司正处于快速增长时期。从2013年到2016年,大宗商品发运量的复合年均增长率达46.68%,2017年1—6月,公司实现大宗商品发运量2452万吨,其中煤炭发运量2084万吨、其他大宗商品发运量368万吨。

“我们结合经营计划,跟随市场发展调整交易策略,不管是下跌趋势采用可交割品的卖出保值策略还是上涨趋势采用固定销售价格买入保值策略,期现结合加强了煤电产业链合作。”曹诗雄称。

不过,也有企业存在问题。比如今年浙江一家电力企业,采购动力煤发电,年动力煤需求量约为4000万吨,其中约50%为采购市场煤,日常动力煤库存约300万吨。目前5500大卡动力煤市场价格620元/吨,处于亏损边缘。企业希望原料动力煤价格上涨时,以不高于期望价采购;原料动力煤价格下跌时,现有库存不成为企业的负担。目前的问题是采用传统方式管理成本及库存已经做到了极致,没有太多潜力可以挖掘;期货套保方式对冲风险,需要对价格趋势进行判断,这是一个难题。

浙商期货总经理胡军给出了两个解决方案,一是企业购买原料,害怕价格上涨时,企业可购买一个权利,防范价格上涨风险,当原料动力煤价格上涨时,以不高于期望价采购。价格下跌,跌价部分都能成为企业利润。价格上涨,能够用保底价采购,不增加成本。

二是企业日常库存,害怕价格下跌时,企业购买一个权利,防范价格下跌风险:当动力煤价格下跌时,希望库存可以保价。该方案优势就是价格上涨,企业原料库存可以增值。价格下跌,能够用保底价销售,库存可以保值。

“传统贸易是买货卖货赚取中间差价,演变成后来的基差贸易,买卖盘面-现货价差,发展成现在的期权时代、零头寸时代,上下游价格锁定,新业务模式助力企业发展。”胡军说。

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